@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(1):7-12
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(1):7-12
Effectiveness of Cognitive Readiness Training on Decision Making Skill and Shooting Performance with Moderating Effect of Competitive State Anxiety
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Naji A. (1)Rahimian Boogar I. (*)
Talepasand S. (2)
(*) Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
(1) Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
(2) Department of Educational Sciences and Exceptional Children Education, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Darband, Mehdishahr, Semnan, IranPhone: +98 (23) 33624250
Fax: +98 (23) 33626888
i_rahimian@semnan.ac.ir
Article History
Received: July 22, 2017Accepted: November 11, 2017
ePublished: June 3, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Decision making and shooting are essential skills of the militaries. Cognitive readiness can reduce human errors and increase the desired performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive readiness training on decision making skill and shooting performance with moderating effect of competitive state anxiety.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest designs with control was implemented in all students of a Tehran’s,Iran, military university which received the training unit in the second semester of the 2016-17 academic year. Using the purposive sampling, 68 subjects (34 cases with state anxiety) were selected as samples. The Cox Competitive State Anxiety Inventory and California Critical Thinking Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS 19 software.
Findings There was a significant difference effect between experimental and control group in the mean scores of the decision making and shooting skills with 99% confidence (p<0.001). The anxiety also had a significant effect on difference between defined groups.
Conclusion Cognitive readiness is effective in improving decision making and shooting skills in both anxious and non-anxious situations.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest designs with control was implemented in all students of a Tehran’s,Iran, military university which received the training unit in the second semester of the 2016-17 academic year. Using the purposive sampling, 68 subjects (34 cases with state anxiety) were selected as samples. The Cox Competitive State Anxiety Inventory and California Critical Thinking Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS 19 software.
Findings There was a significant difference effect between experimental and control group in the mean scores of the decision making and shooting skills with 99% confidence (p<0.001). The anxiety also had a significant effect on difference between defined groups.
Conclusion Cognitive readiness is effective in improving decision making and shooting skills in both anxious and non-anxious situations.
CITATION LINKS
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[26]Cancer V, Mulej M. Creative Thinking and Decision-Making Analysis- Request Factors of Innovation Capacity. Cog Psy. 2015;20(5):109-25.
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[35]Grier RA. Military cognitive readiness at the operational and strategic levels: a theoretical model for measurement development. J Cogn Eng Decis Mak. 2012;6(4):358-92.
[36]Stanners M, French HT. An empirical study of the relationship between situation awareness and decision making. Def Sci Technol Organ. 2005;4(5):47-88.
[37]Endsley MR. Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. J Cogn Eng Decis Mak. 2015;9(1):4-32.
[38]Goldstein EB. Cognitive psychology: connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2014.
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[40]Eseryel D, Law V, Ifenthaler D, Ge X, Miller R. An investigation of the interrelationships between motivation, engagement, and complex problem solving in game-based learning. J Educ Technol Soc. 2014;17(1):42-53.
[2]Fletcher JD. Cognitive readiness: Preparing for the unexpected. Virginia: Institute for Defense Analyses; 2006.
[3]Spiering BA, Walker LA, Hendrickson NR, Simpson K, Harman EA, Allison SC, et al. Reliability of military-relevant tests designed to assess soldier readiness for occupational and combat-related duties. Mil Med. 2012;177(6):663-8.
[4]Johnson BL, Kruse SD. Decision making for educational leaders. New York City: Suny Press; 2010.
[5]Shin JT, Park SR, Hak-Duck K. The psychological intervention program for the disabled shooting athletes in Korea. Int J Bus Soc Sci. 2012;3(18):8-15.
[6]Zhang CQ, Chung PK, Si G. Assessing acceptance in mindfulness with direct-worded items: the development and initial validation of the athlete mindfulness questionnaire. J Sport Health Sci. 2015;6(3):311-20.
[7]Saus ER, Johnsen BH, Eid J, Riisem PK, Andersen R, Thayer JF. The effect of brief situational awareness training in a police shooting simulator: an experimental study. Mil Psychol. 2006;18(S):S3-S21.
[8]Stanton NA, Stewart R, Harris D, Houghton RJ, Baber C, McMaster R, et al. Distributed situation awareness in dynamic systems: theoretical development and application of an ergonomics methodology. Ergonomics. 2006;49(12-13):1288-311.
[9]Hoseyni FS, Khayyer M. Prediction of behavioral and decisional procrastination considering meta-cognition beliefs in university students. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2009;15(3):265-73. [Persian]
[10]Aghayoosefi A, Zare H, Zare M, Shaghaghi F. An investigation of the role of decision making styles in cognitive dissonance and its related physiological components. Soc Cogn. 2015;3(2):67-81. [Persian]
[11]Rahimi M, Jokar B. The prediction of analytic decision making by happiness and cognitive styles dimensions with the mediational role of metacognitive disposition. Soc Cogn. 2015;4(1):7-27. [Persian]
[12]Karsli TA. Relation among meta-cogntition level, decision making, problem solving and locus of control in a Turkish adolescent population. Proced-Soc Behav Sci. 2015;205:35-42.
[13]Chew KS, Durning SJ, Van Merriënboer JJ. Teaching metacognition in clinical decision-making using a novel mnemonic checklist: an exploratory study. Singap Med J. 2016;57(12):694-700.
[14]MacIntyre TE, Igou ER, Campbell MJ, Moran AP, Matthews J. Metacognition and action: a new pathway to understanding social and cognitive aspects of expertise in sport. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1155.
[15]Papaioannou A, Theodosiou A, Pashali M, Digelidis N. Advancing task involvement, intrinsic motivation and metacognitive regulation in physical education classes: The self-check style of teaching makes a difference. Adv Phys Educ. 2012;3(2):110-8.
[16]Goudas M, Dermitzaki I, Kolovelonis A. Self-regulated learning and students’ metacognitive feelings in physical education. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2017;15(2):131-45.
[17]Rahmanian Z, Vaezemousavi SMK. Psychometric properties of the positive meta-cognitions and meta-emotions questionnaire in athletes. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;1(3):44-62. [Persian]
[18]Settanni M, Magistro D, Rabaglietti E. Development and preliminary validation of an instrument to measure metacognition applied to physical activity during early adolescence. Cogn Brain Behav. 2012;16(1):67-87.
[19]Brick N, MacIntyre T, Campbell M. Metacognitive processes in the self-regulation of performance in elite endurance runners. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2015;19:1-9.
[20]Russo D, Duci S. Supporting decision making and requirements evaluation with knowledge search and problem solving. Procedia CIRP. 2016;39:132-7.
[21]Rahimi H. An analysis of simple and multiple relationships between thinking skills with entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities in students at Universities of Kashan and Medical Sciences. J Mod Thoughts Educ. 2016;11(2):45-58. [Persian]
[22]Elstein AS, Schwarz A. Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: clinical problem solving and diagnostic decision making: selective review of the cognitive literature. Br Med J. 2002;324(7339):729-32.
[23]Rao Z. Training in brainstorming and developing writing skills. ELT J. 2007;61(2):100-6.
[24]Arabi M, Seghatoleslami A, Fooladian J. The comparison of brain quadrant dominance (style of thinking) between athletic and non-athletic students. J Dev Mot Learn. 2014;6(3):309-25. [Persian]
[25]Babaei Amiri N, Ashoori J. The relationship between cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, self-efficacy, creativity and emotional intelligence with academic achievement. J Cogn Strateg Learn. 2015;2(3):93-108. [Persian]
[26]Cancer V, Mulej M. Creative Thinking and Decision-Making Analysis- Request Factors of Innovation Capacity. Cog Psy. 2015;20(5):109-25.
[27]Memmert D, Baker J, Bertsch C. Play and practice in the development of sport‐specific creativity in team ball sports. High Abil Stud. 2010;21(1):3-18.
[28]Eraslan M. The analysis of the thinking styles and creativity of the sports students studying in the different fields of university. Educ Res Rev. 2014;9(20):866-71.
[29]Çelik A. The organizational creativity skills of sports directors based on some demographic variables. J Hum Sci. 2014;11(2):1224-35.
[30]Kačerauskas T, Tamošauskas P. Sport as factor of creativity. Filos, Sociol. 2015;26(1):64-71.
[31]Cox RH, Martens MP, Russell WD. Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory–2. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2003;25(4):519-33.
[32]Arruza Gabilondo J A, González Rodríguez O, Palacios Moreno M, Arribas Galarraga S. Cecchini Estrada JA. Validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2 RE) through a web application. Rev Int Med Cienc Act Fis Deporte. 2012;12(47):539-56.
[33]Kashani V, Mostafayi Far, E. Psychometric properties of persian version of the revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Sport Psychol Stud. 2016;5(16):35-54. [Persian]
[34]Mehrinejad SA. Adaptation and normalization of california critical thinking skills test. Adv Cogn Sci. 2007;9(3):63-72. [Persian]
[35]Grier RA. Military cognitive readiness at the operational and strategic levels: a theoretical model for measurement development. J Cogn Eng Decis Mak. 2012;6(4):358-92.
[36]Stanners M, French HT. An empirical study of the relationship between situation awareness and decision making. Def Sci Technol Organ. 2005;4(5):47-88.
[37]Endsley MR. Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. J Cogn Eng Decis Mak. 2015;9(1):4-32.
[38]Goldstein EB. Cognitive psychology: connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2014.
[39]Kim B, Park H, Baek Y. Not just fun, but serious strategies: using meta-cognitive strategies in game-based learning. Comput Educ. 2009;52(4):800-10.
[40]Eseryel D, Law V, Ifenthaler D, Ge X, Miller R. An investigation of the interrelationships between motivation, engagement, and complex problem solving in game-based learning. J Educ Technol Soc. 2014;17(1):42-53.