@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):145-151
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):145-151
Effect of Educational Intervention on Fear of Falling in the Elderly People: A Randomized Cluster Trial
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Alipour N. (1)Dastoorpour M. (2)
Araban M. (*3)
(*3) “Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
(1) Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
(2) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause & Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: January 24, 2020Accepted: April 6, 2020
ePublished: September 20, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Falls are one of the most common health problems for persons over 60 years old. The elderly person will suffer from physical, mental-psychological, and social problems after falling. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on fear of falling in the elderly people in Ahvaz.
Materials & Methods This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial which performed on 80 elderly people covered by health centers of Ahvaz in 2018. The samples were selected by multistage random sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge assessment and Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Data were analyzed using statistical tests by SPSS 22 software.
Findings The mean score of knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). Also, the mean score of fear of falling in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001).
Conclusion By implementing educational programs, the fear of falling in the elderly is reduced, which can lead to improving their efficiency and quality of life.
Materials & Methods This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial which performed on 80 elderly people covered by health centers of Ahvaz in 2018. The samples were selected by multistage random sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge assessment and Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Data were analyzed using statistical tests by SPSS 22 software.
Findings The mean score of knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). Also, the mean score of fear of falling in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001).
Conclusion By implementing educational programs, the fear of falling in the elderly is reduced, which can lead to improving their efficiency and quality of life.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]World Health Organization. 10 facts on ageing and the life course [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 [cited 2018 May 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ageing/ageing_facts/en/index3.html.
[3]Hekmatipour N, Taheri N, Hojjati H, A Rabiei S. Evaluation of the relationship between social support and quality of life in elderly patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs. 2015;3(1):42-50. [Persian]
[4]Statistical Center of Iran. General population and housing census [Internet]. Tehran: amar; 2014 [cited 2018 May 3]. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133. [Persian]
[5]Blank WA, Freiberger E, Siegrist M, Landendoerfer P, Linde K, Schuster T, et al. An interdisciplinary intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling elderly persons: protocol of a cluster-randomized trial [PreFalls]. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11(1):7.
[6]Gazibara T, Kurtagic I, Kisic‐Tepavcevic D, Nurkovic S, Kovacevic N, Gazibara T, et al. Falls, risk factors and fear of falling among persons older than 65 years of age. Psychogeriatrics. 2017;17(4):215-23.
[7]Taheri-Kharameh Z, Poorolajal J, Bashirian S, Heydari Moghadam R, Parham M, Barati Ma, et al. Risk factors for falls in Iranian older adults: a case-control study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2019;26(4):354-9.
[8]Pereira CLN, Baptista F, Infante P. Role of physical activity in the occurrence of falls and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling adults over 50 years old. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(2):117-24.
[9]Child S, Goodwin V, Garside R, Jones-Hughes T, Boddy K, Stein K. Factors influencing the implementation of fall-prevention programmes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Implement Sci. 2012;7(1):91.
[10]Jafarian Amiri SR, Zabihi A, Aziznejad Roshan P, Hosseini SR, Bijani A. Fall at home and its related factors among the elderly in Babol City Iran. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2013;15(5):95-101. [Persian]
[11]Abolhassani F, Moayyeri A, Naghavi M, Soltani A, Larijani B, Shalmani HT. Incidence and characteristics of falls leading to hip fracture in Iranian population. Bone. 2006;39(2):408-13.
[12]Walker GM, Armstrong S, Gordon AL, Gladman J, Robertson K, Ward M, et al. The falls in care home study: a feasibility randomized controlled trial of the use of a risk assessment and decision support tool to prevent falls in care homes. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(10):972-83.
[13]Azadi A, Bastami M, Malek M, Nikbakht Nasrabadi Ar, Bastami AR, Pashaei Sabet F. Effect of fall-preventive program on fear of falling, falling frequency, and quality of life in the elderly living in nursing homes. Iran J Nurs Res. 2017;12(4):68-75. [Persian]
[14]Gilasi HR, Soori H, Yazdani S, Taheri P. Fall-related injuries in older people in Kashan. J Paramed Sci Rehabil. 2015;4(3):74-82. [Persian]
[15]Hatamabadi HR, Sum S, Tabatabaey A, Sabbaghi M. Emergency department management of falls in the elderly: a clinical audit and suggestions for improvement. Int Emerg Nurs. 2016;24:2-8.
[16]Najafi Ghezelcheh T, Ariapour S, Jafari Oori M. Epidemiology and relationship of fall and fear of falling in the elderly residing at Kamrani Nursing Home, Tehran, Iran. Iran J Ageing. 2016;10(4):152-61. [Persian]
[17]Borhaninejad VR, Rashedi V, Tabe R, Delbari A, Ghasemzadeh H. Relationship between fear of falling and physical activity in older adults. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2015;58(8):446-52. [Persian]
[18]Zarei H, Norasteh AA, Pourmahmoodian P, Shevikloo J. Investigating the relationship between fear of falling, knee joint proprioception and physical activity level with fullerton advanced balance test in elderly in rasht city in 2016. J Gerontol. 2017;1(3):68-78. [Persian]
[19]Taheri-Kharameh Z, Bashirian S, Heidarimoghadam R, Poorolajal J, Barati M, Rásky É. Predictors of fall protective behaviors among Iranian community-dwelling older adults: an application of the protection motivation theory. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:123-9.
[20]Abbaszadeh A, Borhani F, Asadi N. Effects of health belief model-based video training about risk factors on knowledge and attitude of myocardial infarction patients after discharge. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(2):195-9.
[21]Oh DH, Park JE, Lee ES, Oh SW, Cho SI, Jang SN, et al. Intensive exercise reduces the fear of additional falls in elderly people: findings from the Korea falls prevention study. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(4):417-25.
[22]Oh DH, Park JE, Lee ES, Oh SW, Cho SI, Jang SN, et al. Intensive exercise reduces the fear of additional falls in elderly people: findings from the Korea falls prevention study. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(4):417-25.
[23]Olsen CF, Bergland A. The effect of exercise and education on fear of falling in elderly women with osteoporosis and a history of vertebral fracture: results of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(8):2017-25.
[24]Behzad Y, Bastani F, Haghani H. Effect of empowerment program with the telephone follow-up (tele-nursing) on self-efficacy in self-care behaviors in hypertensive older adults. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;13(11):1004-15. [Persian]
[25]Rezaei Pandari H, Morowati Sharifabad MA. Assessment of Psychosocial Determinants (Self-Efficacy and Social Support) of Lifestyle in the Elderly in Yazd City, Iran, 2015. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016;10(9):51-60. [Persian]
[26]Khajavi D. Validation and reliability of Persian version of fall efficacy scale-international (FES-I) in community-dwelling older adults. Iran J Ageing. 2013;8(2):39-47. [Persian]
[27]Delbaere K, Close JC, Mikolaizak AS, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Lord SR. The falls efficacy scale international (FES-I). A comprehensive longitudinal validation study. Age Ageing. 2010;39(2):210-6.
[28]Yardley L, Beyer N, Hauer K, Kempen G, Piot-Ziegler C, Todd C. Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing. 2005;34(6):614-9.
[29]Garcia A, Marciniak D, McCune L, Smith E, Ramsey R. Promoting fall self-efficacy and fall risk awareness in older adults. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr. 2012;30(2):165-75.
[30]Nick N, Jahanbin I, Petramfar P, Ghodsbin F, Keshavarzi S. Educational intervention for reducing the fear of falling and improving balance in the elderly: a single blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2013;1(4):208-15.
[31]Mozaffari N, Mohammadi MA, Samadzadeh S. Effect of fall care behaviors training on fear of falling among the elderly people referred to health centers: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Hayat. 2018;24(3):220-32. [Persian]
[32]Najafi Z, Barghi M, Kooshyar H, Karimi-Mounaghi H, Rodi MZ. A comparison of the effect of education through video versus demonstration on fear of falling in nursing home residents of Mashhad, Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017;22(3):195-200.
[33]Schmid AA, Van Puymbroeck M, Koceja DM. Effect of a 12-week yoga intervention on fear of falling and balance in older adults: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(4):576-83.
[34]Luxton T, Riglin J. Preventing falls in older people: a multi-agency approach. Nurs Older People. 2003;15(2):18-21.
[2]World Health Organization. 10 facts on ageing and the life course [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 [cited 2018 May 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ageing/ageing_facts/en/index3.html.
[3]Hekmatipour N, Taheri N, Hojjati H, A Rabiei S. Evaluation of the relationship between social support and quality of life in elderly patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs. 2015;3(1):42-50. [Persian]
[4]Statistical Center of Iran. General population and housing census [Internet]. Tehran: amar; 2014 [cited 2018 May 3]. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133. [Persian]
[5]Blank WA, Freiberger E, Siegrist M, Landendoerfer P, Linde K, Schuster T, et al. An interdisciplinary intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling elderly persons: protocol of a cluster-randomized trial [PreFalls]. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11(1):7.
[6]Gazibara T, Kurtagic I, Kisic‐Tepavcevic D, Nurkovic S, Kovacevic N, Gazibara T, et al. Falls, risk factors and fear of falling among persons older than 65 years of age. Psychogeriatrics. 2017;17(4):215-23.
[7]Taheri-Kharameh Z, Poorolajal J, Bashirian S, Heydari Moghadam R, Parham M, Barati Ma, et al. Risk factors for falls in Iranian older adults: a case-control study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2019;26(4):354-9.
[8]Pereira CLN, Baptista F, Infante P. Role of physical activity in the occurrence of falls and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling adults over 50 years old. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(2):117-24.
[9]Child S, Goodwin V, Garside R, Jones-Hughes T, Boddy K, Stein K. Factors influencing the implementation of fall-prevention programmes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Implement Sci. 2012;7(1):91.
[10]Jafarian Amiri SR, Zabihi A, Aziznejad Roshan P, Hosseini SR, Bijani A. Fall at home and its related factors among the elderly in Babol City Iran. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2013;15(5):95-101. [Persian]
[11]Abolhassani F, Moayyeri A, Naghavi M, Soltani A, Larijani B, Shalmani HT. Incidence and characteristics of falls leading to hip fracture in Iranian population. Bone. 2006;39(2):408-13.
[12]Walker GM, Armstrong S, Gordon AL, Gladman J, Robertson K, Ward M, et al. The falls in care home study: a feasibility randomized controlled trial of the use of a risk assessment and decision support tool to prevent falls in care homes. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(10):972-83.
[13]Azadi A, Bastami M, Malek M, Nikbakht Nasrabadi Ar, Bastami AR, Pashaei Sabet F. Effect of fall-preventive program on fear of falling, falling frequency, and quality of life in the elderly living in nursing homes. Iran J Nurs Res. 2017;12(4):68-75. [Persian]
[14]Gilasi HR, Soori H, Yazdani S, Taheri P. Fall-related injuries in older people in Kashan. J Paramed Sci Rehabil. 2015;4(3):74-82. [Persian]
[15]Hatamabadi HR, Sum S, Tabatabaey A, Sabbaghi M. Emergency department management of falls in the elderly: a clinical audit and suggestions for improvement. Int Emerg Nurs. 2016;24:2-8.
[16]Najafi Ghezelcheh T, Ariapour S, Jafari Oori M. Epidemiology and relationship of fall and fear of falling in the elderly residing at Kamrani Nursing Home, Tehran, Iran. Iran J Ageing. 2016;10(4):152-61. [Persian]
[17]Borhaninejad VR, Rashedi V, Tabe R, Delbari A, Ghasemzadeh H. Relationship between fear of falling and physical activity in older adults. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2015;58(8):446-52. [Persian]
[18]Zarei H, Norasteh AA, Pourmahmoodian P, Shevikloo J. Investigating the relationship between fear of falling, knee joint proprioception and physical activity level with fullerton advanced balance test in elderly in rasht city in 2016. J Gerontol. 2017;1(3):68-78. [Persian]
[19]Taheri-Kharameh Z, Bashirian S, Heidarimoghadam R, Poorolajal J, Barati M, Rásky É. Predictors of fall protective behaviors among Iranian community-dwelling older adults: an application of the protection motivation theory. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:123-9.
[20]Abbaszadeh A, Borhani F, Asadi N. Effects of health belief model-based video training about risk factors on knowledge and attitude of myocardial infarction patients after discharge. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(2):195-9.
[21]Oh DH, Park JE, Lee ES, Oh SW, Cho SI, Jang SN, et al. Intensive exercise reduces the fear of additional falls in elderly people: findings from the Korea falls prevention study. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(4):417-25.
[22]Oh DH, Park JE, Lee ES, Oh SW, Cho SI, Jang SN, et al. Intensive exercise reduces the fear of additional falls in elderly people: findings from the Korea falls prevention study. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;27(4):417-25.
[23]Olsen CF, Bergland A. The effect of exercise and education on fear of falling in elderly women with osteoporosis and a history of vertebral fracture: results of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(8):2017-25.
[24]Behzad Y, Bastani F, Haghani H. Effect of empowerment program with the telephone follow-up (tele-nursing) on self-efficacy in self-care behaviors in hypertensive older adults. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;13(11):1004-15. [Persian]
[25]Rezaei Pandari H, Morowati Sharifabad MA. Assessment of Psychosocial Determinants (Self-Efficacy and Social Support) of Lifestyle in the Elderly in Yazd City, Iran, 2015. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016;10(9):51-60. [Persian]
[26]Khajavi D. Validation and reliability of Persian version of fall efficacy scale-international (FES-I) in community-dwelling older adults. Iran J Ageing. 2013;8(2):39-47. [Persian]
[27]Delbaere K, Close JC, Mikolaizak AS, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Lord SR. The falls efficacy scale international (FES-I). A comprehensive longitudinal validation study. Age Ageing. 2010;39(2):210-6.
[28]Yardley L, Beyer N, Hauer K, Kempen G, Piot-Ziegler C, Todd C. Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing. 2005;34(6):614-9.
[29]Garcia A, Marciniak D, McCune L, Smith E, Ramsey R. Promoting fall self-efficacy and fall risk awareness in older adults. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr. 2012;30(2):165-75.
[30]Nick N, Jahanbin I, Petramfar P, Ghodsbin F, Keshavarzi S. Educational intervention for reducing the fear of falling and improving balance in the elderly: a single blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2013;1(4):208-15.
[31]Mozaffari N, Mohammadi MA, Samadzadeh S. Effect of fall care behaviors training on fear of falling among the elderly people referred to health centers: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Hayat. 2018;24(3):220-32. [Persian]
[32]Najafi Z, Barghi M, Kooshyar H, Karimi-Mounaghi H, Rodi MZ. A comparison of the effect of education through video versus demonstration on fear of falling in nursing home residents of Mashhad, Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017;22(3):195-200.
[33]Schmid AA, Van Puymbroeck M, Koceja DM. Effect of a 12-week yoga intervention on fear of falling and balance in older adults: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(4):576-83.
[34]Luxton T, Riglin J. Preventing falls in older people: a multi-agency approach. Nurs Older People. 2003;15(2):18-21.