@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):37-42
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):37-42
Effect of Education Based on Health Locus of Control Theory on Health Literacy among Older Adult
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Hairaty K. (1)Sadeghmoghadam L. (2)
Alami A. (* )
Moshki M. (3)
(* ) Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Department of Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad , Iran
(1) Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(2) Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
(3) Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center; Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad , Iran
Correspondence
Address: School of Public Health, Undersecretary for Education, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Asian road, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi ProvincePhone: +98 5157220401
Fax: :051- 57223814
alialami65@hotmail.com
Article History
Received: November 20, 2017Accepted: June 12, 2018
ePublished: January 27, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Health literacy is one of the most important variables in maintaining and improving the
health of all, especially among elderly people. In addition the Health Locus of Control (HLC)
theory, is considered as one of the tools which used in planning health education programs. The
aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the Health Locus of Control
(HLC) theory on health literacy among elderly persons.
Materials & Methods A parallel, randomized field trial study conducted among seniors 60 to 75 years, residents in Bardaskan in 2017. Using balanced block randomization, the participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control group. The required data were gathered by adult health literacy and HLC questionnaires. The data were entered in SPSS 21 software and were analyzed using and T-test (independent, paired).
Findings We used data from 91 completed questionnaires (intervention group= 46, control group = 45) to perform the analysis. Before intervention, the mean and standard deviation of health literacy in experimental and control group were 52.60 (11.95) and 48.07 (12.54), respectively (P= 0.080). These amounts were 77.68 (7.60) in intervention group and 51.18 (13.99) in control group after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion the results indicated that educational intervention based on the theory of health locus of control could affect the health literacy of elderly. By recognizing health control beliefs of elderly people, it seems that appropriate educational programs can be developed to educate and develop health literacy of this group.
Materials & Methods A parallel, randomized field trial study conducted among seniors 60 to 75 years, residents in Bardaskan in 2017. Using balanced block randomization, the participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control group. The required data were gathered by adult health literacy and HLC questionnaires. The data were entered in SPSS 21 software and were analyzed using and T-test (independent, paired).
Findings We used data from 91 completed questionnaires (intervention group= 46, control group = 45) to perform the analysis. Before intervention, the mean and standard deviation of health literacy in experimental and control group were 52.60 (11.95) and 48.07 (12.54), respectively (P= 0.080). These amounts were 77.68 (7.60) in intervention group and 51.18 (13.99) in control group after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion the results indicated that educational intervention based on the theory of health locus of control could affect the health literacy of elderly. By recognizing health control beliefs of elderly people, it seems that appropriate educational programs can be developed to educate and develop health literacy of this group.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Heidari M, Shahbazi S. Effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elders. Iran J Nurs. 2012;25(75):1-8. [Persian]
[2]Gavrilov LA, Heuveline P. Aging of population. In: Demeny PG, McNicoll G, editors. The encyclopedia of population. New York: Macmillan Reference USA; 2003. p. 32-7.
[3]Mohamadi Shahbalaghi F. Self- efficacy and caregiver strain in alzheimer's caregivers. Iran J Ageing. 2006;1(1):26-33. [Persian]
[4]Chan A, Matchar DB, Tsao MA, Harding S, Chiu CT, Tay B, et al. Self-Care for Older People (SCOPE): A cluster randomized controlled trial of self-care training and health outcomes in low-income elderly in Singapore. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015;41:313-24.
[5]Kooshyar H, Shoorvazi M, Dalir Z, Hosseini M. Health literacy and its relationship with medical adherence and health-related quality of life in diabetic community-residing elderly. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(1):134-43. [Persian]
[6]Peyman N, Behzad F, Taghipour A, Esmaily H. Evaluation of communication between healthcare workers and patients with chronic diseases according to their levels of health literacy. J Res Health. 2014;4(1):599-607.
[7]Tavousi M, Ebadi M, Azin A, Shakerinejad Gh, Hashemi A, Fattahi E, et al. Definitions of health literacy: A review of the literature. Payesh. 2014;13(1):119-24. [Persian]
[8]Javadzade SH, Sharifirad G, Radjati F, Mostafavi F, Reisi M, Hasanzade A.. Relationship between health literacy, health status, and healthy behaviors among older adults in Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2012;1:31.
[9]Kanj M, Mitic W. Health Literacy and Health Promotion. 7th Global Conference on Health Promotion, "Promoting Health and Development: Closing the Implementation Gap", Nairobi, Kenya, 26-30 October 2009. Geneva: WHO; 2009.
[10]Baker DW, Gazmararian JA, Williams MV, Scott T, Parker RM, Green D, et al. Functional health literacy and the risk of hospital admission among Medicare managed care enrollees. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(8):1278-83.
[11]McGuire LC, Strine TW, Okoro CA, Ahluwalia IB, Ford ES. Healthy lifestyle behaviors among older U.S. adults with and without disabilities, behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2003. Prev Chronic Dis. 2007;4(1):A09.
[12]Noroozian M. The elderly population in Iran: An ever growing concern in the health system. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):1-6.
[13]Izadirad H, Zareban I. The relationship of health literacy with health status, preventive behaviors and health services utilization in Baluchistan, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(3):43-5. [Persian]
[14]Moshki M, Ghofranipour F, Hajizadeh E, Azadfallah P. Validity and reliability of the multidimensional health locus of control scale for college students. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(1):29-35.
[15]Malcarne VL, Drahota A, Hamilton NA. Children's health-related locus of control beliefs: Ethnicity, gender, and family income. Child Health Care. 2005; 34(1):47-59.
[16]Mohseni M, Khanjani N, Iranpour A, Tabe R, Borhaninejad VR. The relationship between health literacy and health status among elderly people in Kerman. Iran J Ageing. 2015;10(2):146-55. [Persian]
[17]Ganjoo M, Kamal F, Hashemi S, Nasiri M. Assessment of health locus of control among students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences: A short report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014;12(12):1033-42. [Persian]
[18]Kamali Z, Abedian Z, Saber-Mohammad A, Mohebbi-Dehnavi Z. The effect of small-group teaching on health literacy in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting: A clinical trial. J Nurs Educ (JNE). 2018;6(6):25-32. [Persian]
[19]Weiss BD, Palmer R. Relationship between health care costs and very low literacy skills in a medically needy and indigent Medicaid population. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004;17(1):44-7.
[20]Von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(12):86-90.
[21]Tehrani Banihashemi SA, Amirkhani MA, Haghdoost AA, Alavian SM, Asgharifard H, Baradaran H, et al. Health literacy and the influencing factors: A study in five provinces of Iran. J Med Educ Dev Center. 2007;4(1):1-9. [Persian]
[22]Aghamolaei T, Tavafian S, Ghanbarnejad A. Health locus of control and its relation with health-promoting behaviors among people over 15 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. J Health Adm. 2014;17(55):7-16. [Persian]
[23]Grotz M, Hapke U, Lampert T, Baumeister H. Health locus of control and health behaviour: Results from a nationally representative survey. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(2):129-40.
[24]Tol A, Pourreza A, Rahimi Foroshani A, Tavassoli E. Assessing the effect of educational program based on small group on promoting knowledge and health literacy among women with type2 diabetes referring to selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Razi J Med Sci. 2013;19(104):10-19. [Persian]
[25]Sharp LK, Zurawski JM, Roland PY, O'Toole C, Hines J. Health literacy, cervical cancer risk factors, and distress in low-income African-American women seeking colposcopy. Ethn Dis. 2002;12(4):541-6.
[26]Kandula NR, Nsiah-Kumi PA, Makoul G, Sager J, Zei CP, Glass S, et al. The relationship between health literacy and knowledge improvement after a multimedia type 2 diabetes education program. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(3):321-7.
[27]Paasche‐Orlow MK, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nielsen‐Bohlman LT, Rudd RR. The prevalence of limited health literacy. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(2):175-84.
[28]Heidari M, Shahbazi S. Effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elders. Iran J Nurs. 2012;25(75):1-8. [Persian]
[2]Gavrilov LA, Heuveline P. Aging of population. In: Demeny PG, McNicoll G, editors. The encyclopedia of population. New York: Macmillan Reference USA; 2003. p. 32-7.
[3]Mohamadi Shahbalaghi F. Self- efficacy and caregiver strain in alzheimer's caregivers. Iran J Ageing. 2006;1(1):26-33. [Persian]
[4]Chan A, Matchar DB, Tsao MA, Harding S, Chiu CT, Tay B, et al. Self-Care for Older People (SCOPE): A cluster randomized controlled trial of self-care training and health outcomes in low-income elderly in Singapore. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015;41:313-24.
[5]Kooshyar H, Shoorvazi M, Dalir Z, Hosseini M. Health literacy and its relationship with medical adherence and health-related quality of life in diabetic community-residing elderly. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(1):134-43. [Persian]
[6]Peyman N, Behzad F, Taghipour A, Esmaily H. Evaluation of communication between healthcare workers and patients with chronic diseases according to their levels of health literacy. J Res Health. 2014;4(1):599-607.
[7]Tavousi M, Ebadi M, Azin A, Shakerinejad Gh, Hashemi A, Fattahi E, et al. Definitions of health literacy: A review of the literature. Payesh. 2014;13(1):119-24. [Persian]
[8]Javadzade SH, Sharifirad G, Radjati F, Mostafavi F, Reisi M, Hasanzade A.. Relationship between health literacy, health status, and healthy behaviors among older adults in Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2012;1:31.
[9]Kanj M, Mitic W. Health Literacy and Health Promotion. 7th Global Conference on Health Promotion, "Promoting Health and Development: Closing the Implementation Gap", Nairobi, Kenya, 26-30 October 2009. Geneva: WHO; 2009.
[10]Baker DW, Gazmararian JA, Williams MV, Scott T, Parker RM, Green D, et al. Functional health literacy and the risk of hospital admission among Medicare managed care enrollees. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(8):1278-83.
[11]McGuire LC, Strine TW, Okoro CA, Ahluwalia IB, Ford ES. Healthy lifestyle behaviors among older U.S. adults with and without disabilities, behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2003. Prev Chronic Dis. 2007;4(1):A09.
[12]Noroozian M. The elderly population in Iran: An ever growing concern in the health system. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):1-6.
[13]Izadirad H, Zareban I. The relationship of health literacy with health status, preventive behaviors and health services utilization in Baluchistan, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(3):43-5. [Persian]
[14]Moshki M, Ghofranipour F, Hajizadeh E, Azadfallah P. Validity and reliability of the multidimensional health locus of control scale for college students. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(1):29-35.
[15]Malcarne VL, Drahota A, Hamilton NA. Children's health-related locus of control beliefs: Ethnicity, gender, and family income. Child Health Care. 2005; 34(1):47-59.
[16]Mohseni M, Khanjani N, Iranpour A, Tabe R, Borhaninejad VR. The relationship between health literacy and health status among elderly people in Kerman. Iran J Ageing. 2015;10(2):146-55. [Persian]
[17]Ganjoo M, Kamal F, Hashemi S, Nasiri M. Assessment of health locus of control among students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences: A short report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014;12(12):1033-42. [Persian]
[18]Kamali Z, Abedian Z, Saber-Mohammad A, Mohebbi-Dehnavi Z. The effect of small-group teaching on health literacy in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting: A clinical trial. J Nurs Educ (JNE). 2018;6(6):25-32. [Persian]
[19]Weiss BD, Palmer R. Relationship between health care costs and very low literacy skills in a medically needy and indigent Medicaid population. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004;17(1):44-7.
[20]Von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(12):86-90.
[21]Tehrani Banihashemi SA, Amirkhani MA, Haghdoost AA, Alavian SM, Asgharifard H, Baradaran H, et al. Health literacy and the influencing factors: A study in five provinces of Iran. J Med Educ Dev Center. 2007;4(1):1-9. [Persian]
[22]Aghamolaei T, Tavafian S, Ghanbarnejad A. Health locus of control and its relation with health-promoting behaviors among people over 15 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. J Health Adm. 2014;17(55):7-16. [Persian]
[23]Grotz M, Hapke U, Lampert T, Baumeister H. Health locus of control and health behaviour: Results from a nationally representative survey. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(2):129-40.
[24]Tol A, Pourreza A, Rahimi Foroshani A, Tavassoli E. Assessing the effect of educational program based on small group on promoting knowledge and health literacy among women with type2 diabetes referring to selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Razi J Med Sci. 2013;19(104):10-19. [Persian]
[25]Sharp LK, Zurawski JM, Roland PY, O'Toole C, Hines J. Health literacy, cervical cancer risk factors, and distress in low-income African-American women seeking colposcopy. Ethn Dis. 2002;12(4):541-6.
[26]Kandula NR, Nsiah-Kumi PA, Makoul G, Sager J, Zei CP, Glass S, et al. The relationship between health literacy and knowledge improvement after a multimedia type 2 diabetes education program. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(3):321-7.
[27]Paasche‐Orlow MK, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nielsen‐Bohlman LT, Rudd RR. The prevalence of limited health literacy. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(2):175-84.
[28]Heidari M, Shahbazi S. Effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elders. Iran J Nurs. 2012;25(75):1-8. [Persian]