@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):125-130
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):125-130
Effects of Circuit Resistance Training with Crocus sativus Supplementation on Insulin and Estradiol Hormones Response
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Ghanbari-Niaki A. (1)Ardeshiri S. (1)
Aliakbari-Baydokhty M. (*)
Saeidi A. (1)
(*) Physical Education Department, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
(1) Exercise Physiology Department, Physical Education & Sport Science Faculty, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
Correspondence
Address: NO 20, Chamran Street, Baydokht, Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran. Postal Code: 9694114439Phone: +985157332727
Fax: +985157332727
aliakbaribidokhti@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: June 22, 2015Accepted: January 11, 2016
ePublished: March 5, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
During recent years, consumption of nutritional supplements has become popular in the athletes to enhance muscle power, function, and hypertrophy. Since the chemical supplements cause side-effects, many experts focus on the traditional medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus Supplementation on the insulin and estradiol levels.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 44 untrained healthy men were selected from the students of Mazandaran University using census method in 2013. The samples were divided into four groups including “water-exercise”, “petal sweat-exercise”, “style-exercise”, and “stigma-exercise”. 2-week resistance exercises consisted of 12 stations (30 seconds with 40% of a maximum repetition per station; 5 sessions a week). 500mg Crocus sativus were daily consumed two times in the morning immediately after the exercises. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last session. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and dependent T tests.
Findings There was a significant increase in the estradiol level in stigma-exercise group than water-exercise group (p=0.007). There were significant increases in the plasma estradiol concentration in each stigma-exercise and style-exercise groups after the exercises (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean of insulin concentrations in each group (p>0.05).
Conclusion Circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus supplementation lead to no change in insulin concentration. Nevertheless, consumption of the stigma of Crocus sativus flower can empower the effects of the resistance exercises and enhance estradiol.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 44 untrained healthy men were selected from the students of Mazandaran University using census method in 2013. The samples were divided into four groups including “water-exercise”, “petal sweat-exercise”, “style-exercise”, and “stigma-exercise”. 2-week resistance exercises consisted of 12 stations (30 seconds with 40% of a maximum repetition per station; 5 sessions a week). 500mg Crocus sativus were daily consumed two times in the morning immediately after the exercises. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last session. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and dependent T tests.
Findings There was a significant increase in the estradiol level in stigma-exercise group than water-exercise group (p=0.007). There were significant increases in the plasma estradiol concentration in each stigma-exercise and style-exercise groups after the exercises (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean of insulin concentrations in each group (p>0.05).
Conclusion Circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus supplementation lead to no change in insulin concentration. Nevertheless, consumption of the stigma of Crocus sativus flower can empower the effects of the resistance exercises and enhance estradiol.
CITATION LINKS
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[17]Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saeidi A, Aliakbari-Beydokhti, M, Ardeshiri S, Kolahdouzi S, Chaichi MJ, et al. Effects of Circuit Resistance Training with Crocus Sativus (Saffron) Supplementation on Plasma Viscosity and Fibrinogen. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2015;3(2):1-10.
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[19]Hosseini S, Nikbakht H, Azarbayjani MA. The effect of aqua extract of saffron with resistance training on glycemic indexes of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Armaghan Danesh. 2013;18(4):284-94. [Persian]
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[22]Khoram jah M, Sarmadiyn M. Effects 10 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of estradiol and percent body fat in sedentary postmenopausal overweight women. Iraan J Breast Dis. 2015;8(2):35-43. [Persian]
[23]Atkinson C, Lampe JW, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Bowen D, Irwin ML, et al. Effects of a moderate intensity exercise intervention on estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(5):868-74.
[24]Copeland JL, Consitt LA, Tremblay MS. Hormonal responses to endurance and resistance exercise in females aged 19-69 years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(4):B158-65.
[25]Collins P, Rosano GM, Sarrel PM, Ulrich L, Adamopoulos S, Beale CM, et al. 17β-Estradiol attenuates acetylcholine-induced coronary arterial constriction in women but not men with coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1995;92(1):24-30.
[26]Bjornstrom L, Sjoberg M. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor signaling: Convergence of genomic and nongenomic actions on target genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19(4):833-42.
[27]Mendelsohn ME. Genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen in the vasculature. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(1):F3-4.
[28]Melnyk JP, Wang S, Marcone MF. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Res Inte. 2010;43(8):1981-9.
[29]Modaresi M, Messripour M, Asadi Marghmaleki M, Hamadanian M. Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus) extract on level of FSH, LH and testosterone in mice. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2008;16(63):11-8. [Persian]
[2]Bosco C, Colli R, Bonomi R, von Duvillard SP, Viru A. Monitoring strength training: Neuromuscular and hormonal profile. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):202-8.
[3]Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Bush JA, Putukian M, Sebastianelli WJ. Hormonal responses to consecutive days of heavy-resistance exercise with or without nutritional supplementation. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85(4):1544-55.
[4]Chandler TJ, Brown LE. Conditioning for strength and human performance. Philadelphia Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
[5]Gulliver LSM. Estradiol synthesis and metabolism and risk of ovarian cancer in older women taking prescribed or plant-derived estrogen supplementation. J Steroids Horm Sci. 2013;12:1-5.
[6]Fragala MS, Kraemer WJ, Denegar CR., Maresh CM, Mastro AM, Volek, JS. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions and responses to exercise. Sports Med. 2011;41(8):621-39.
[7]Vitale C, Mendelsohn ME, Rosano GM. Gender differences in the cardiovascular effect of sex hormones. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009;6(8):532-42.
[8]Jafarian A, Akhondi MM, Pezhhan N, Sadeghi MR, Zarnani AH, Salehkhou S. Stimulatory effects of Estradiol and FSH on the restoration of spermatogenesis in azoospermic mice. J Reprod Infertil. 2009;9(4):317-24. [Persian]
[9]Treebak JT, Pehmoller C, Kristensen JM, Kjobsted R, Birk JB, Schjerling P, et al. Acute exercise and physiological insulin induce distinct phosphorylation signatures on TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 proteins in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2014;592(2):351-75.
[10]Kraemer WJ, Solomon-Hill G, Volk BM, Kupchak BR., Looney DP, Dunn-Lewis C, et al. The effects of soy and whey protein supplementation on acute hormonal responses to resistance exercise in men. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(1):66-74.
[11]Reynolds TH, Supiano MA, Dengel DR. Regional differences in glucose clearance: effects of insulin and resistance training on arm and leg glucose clearance in older hypertensive individuals. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(3):985-91.
[12]Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002;56(2):115-23.
[13]Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):339-61.
[14]Cossignani L, Urbani E, Simonetti MS, Maurizi A, Chiesi C, Blasi F. Characterisation of secondary metabolites in saffron from central Italy (Cascia, Umbria). Food Chem. 2014;143:446-51.
[15]Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh M. Cardiovascular effects of saffron and its active constituents: A review article. Saffron Agron Technol. 2014;1(2):3-13. [Persian]
[16]Kang C, Lee H, Jung ES, Seyedian R, Jo M, Kim J, et al. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in muscle cells via multipathway mechanisms. Food Chem. 2012;135(4):2350-8.
[17]Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saeidi A, Aliakbari-Beydokhti, M, Ardeshiri S, Kolahdouzi S, Chaichi MJ, et al. Effects of Circuit Resistance Training with Crocus Sativus (Saffron) Supplementation on Plasma Viscosity and Fibrinogen. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2015;3(2):1-10.
[18]Fenicchia LM, Kanaley JA, Azevedo JL, Miller CS, Weinstock RS, Carhart RL, et al. Influence of resistance exercise training on glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. Metabo. 2004;53(3):284-9.
[19]Hosseini S, Nikbakht H, Azarbayjani MA. The effect of aqua extract of saffron with resistance training on glycemic indexes of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Armaghan Danesh. 2013;18(4):284-94. [Persian]
[20]Ahmadizad S, Khodamoradi A, Ebrahim K, Hedayati M. Effects of resistance exercise intensity on adipokines and insulin resistance index. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2010;12(4):427-34. [Persian]
[21]Yavari A, Nagaphipour F, Asgarzadeh AA, Niafar M, Mobseri M, Nikokhoslat S. Effect of aerobic exercise, resistance training or combined training on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2011;33(4):82-91. [Persian]
[22]Khoram jah M, Sarmadiyn M. Effects 10 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of estradiol and percent body fat in sedentary postmenopausal overweight women. Iraan J Breast Dis. 2015;8(2):35-43. [Persian]
[23]Atkinson C, Lampe JW, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Bowen D, Irwin ML, et al. Effects of a moderate intensity exercise intervention on estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(5):868-74.
[24]Copeland JL, Consitt LA, Tremblay MS. Hormonal responses to endurance and resistance exercise in females aged 19-69 years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(4):B158-65.
[25]Collins P, Rosano GM, Sarrel PM, Ulrich L, Adamopoulos S, Beale CM, et al. 17β-Estradiol attenuates acetylcholine-induced coronary arterial constriction in women but not men with coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1995;92(1):24-30.
[26]Bjornstrom L, Sjoberg M. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor signaling: Convergence of genomic and nongenomic actions on target genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19(4):833-42.
[27]Mendelsohn ME. Genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen in the vasculature. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(1):F3-4.
[28]Melnyk JP, Wang S, Marcone MF. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Res Inte. 2010;43(8):1981-9.
[29]Modaresi M, Messripour M, Asadi Marghmaleki M, Hamadanian M. Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus) extract on level of FSH, LH and testosterone in mice. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2008;16(63):11-8. [Persian]