@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(3):97-102
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2018;7(3):97-102
Effectiveness of Pender's Health Promotion Model on Reducing Drivers High-Risk Behaviors
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Sadeghmoghadam L. (1)Tavakolizadeh J. (2)
Mazloum Shahri S.B. (3)
Taheri M. (*)
(*) Department of Social Health, Mental & Aging Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Gonabad Medical Sciences University, Gonabad, Iran
(1) ”Department of Social Health, Mental & Aging Nursing, Faculty of Nursing” and “Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(2) Department of Psychology, Medical Faculty, Gonabad Medical Sciences University, Gonabad, Iran
(3) Deputy of Research & Technology, Gonabad Medical Sciences University, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Gonabad Medical Sciences University, Imam Khomeini Avenue, Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan ProvincePhone: +98 (51) 38004257
Fax: +98 (51) 57223815
taherimahdi61@gmail.com
Article History
Received: February 25, 2018Accepted: May 1, 2018
ePublished: June 29, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Traffic accidents account for 2.1% of all deaths in the world. In addition, the eighth cause of death in the world and the first cause of death in the age group of 15 to 29 years is known. The present study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of Pender’s Health Promotion Model on reducing the high risk behaviors of taxi drivers.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study with pre- and post-test designing and control group was performed in Mashhad, Iran, in 2017. The research society was all male taxi drivers of Mashhad, Iran, city. 380 samples were selected using multi-stage random sampling. After completing the Manchester questionnaire, drivers who ranked their high-risk behaviors more than medial score were identified and 45 of them were selected for each group separately. A training intervention based on this model was implemented in 6 sessions for the experimental group after completing a researcher-made questionnaire on benefits, barriers and perceived self-efficacy of Pender's model. Manchester questionnaire and Pender model structures were completed in each group three months after the completion of the training. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS 24 using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests.
Findings The mean score of driving behavior in the experimental and control groups were 116.4±20.3 and 119.8±20.8 respectively. This difference was not significant based on Mann-Whitney U test (P=0.385), but in the post-test (t=-8.2) and follow-up (t=-12.3), this difference was significant (p<0.001). The mean of total score of the studied structures in the Pender’s Health Promotion Pattern (benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) was not significant in the pre-test stage (p=0.301), but it was significant in the post-test and follow up stages (p<0.001).
Conclusion Educational intervention based on Pender’s Health Promotion Patterns is effective in reducing the risky behaviors of taxi drivers.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study with pre- and post-test designing and control group was performed in Mashhad, Iran, in 2017. The research society was all male taxi drivers of Mashhad, Iran, city. 380 samples were selected using multi-stage random sampling. After completing the Manchester questionnaire, drivers who ranked their high-risk behaviors more than medial score were identified and 45 of them were selected for each group separately. A training intervention based on this model was implemented in 6 sessions for the experimental group after completing a researcher-made questionnaire on benefits, barriers and perceived self-efficacy of Pender's model. Manchester questionnaire and Pender model structures were completed in each group three months after the completion of the training. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS 24 using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests.
Findings The mean score of driving behavior in the experimental and control groups were 116.4±20.3 and 119.8±20.8 respectively. This difference was not significant based on Mann-Whitney U test (P=0.385), but in the post-test (t=-8.2) and follow-up (t=-12.3), this difference was significant (p<0.001). The mean of total score of the studied structures in the Pender’s Health Promotion Pattern (benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) was not significant in the pre-test stage (p=0.301), but it was significant in the post-test and follow up stages (p<0.001).
Conclusion Educational intervention based on Pender’s Health Promotion Patterns is effective in reducing the risky behaviors of taxi drivers.
CITATION LINKS
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[21]Asadzandi M, Sekarifard M, Ebadi A, Morovvati Sharif Abad MA, Salari MM. Effects of anger management training based on Health Promotion Model on soldiers engaged in risky behavior. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;2(4):68-79. [Persian]
[22]Adl J, Dehghan N, Abbaszadeh M. The survey of unsafe acts as the risk factors of accidents in using taxis for intercity travelling in Tehran. Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2014;2(1):39-46. [Persian]
[23]Zamani Alavijeh F, Asadolahi A. Investigation of influencing factors of taxi drivers’ risky behavior in Ahvaz in 2013. Sci J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2015;22(6):143-51. [Persian]
[24]Hassen A, Godesso A, Abebe L, Girma E. Risky driving behaviors for road traffic accident among drivers in Mekele city, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4(1):535. [Persian]
[25]Reason J, Manstead A, Stradling S, Baxter J, Campbell K. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction. Ergonomics. 1990;33(10-11):1315-32.
[26]Parker D, Reason JT, Manstead AS, Stradling SG. Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement. Ergonomics. 1995;38(5):1036-48.
[27]Maibach EW, Rothschild ML Novelli,WD. Social Marketing. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss; 2002. pp.437-61.
[28]Goshtasbi A, Vahdaninia M, Rezaee N. Knowledge of married women in Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad urban areas on AIDS and sexualy transmitted infections. Armaghane Danesh. 2006;11(3):100-7.[Persian]
[29] Shams M, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Risky driving behaviors in Tehran, Iran. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(1):91-4
[30]National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 2008. Washington: NCSA; 2008.
[31]Banaye Jedd M, Babazadeh T, Hashemian Z, Moradi F, Ghavami Z. Cognitive-behavioral determinants of oral health in students: an application of Pender's Health Promotion Model. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(2):1-8. [Persian]
[32]Majdzadeh R, Rashidian A, Shams M, Shojaeizadeh D, Montazeri A. Using the social marketing model to reduce risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2011;9(2):21-40. [Persian]
[33]Noroozi A, Tahmasebi R, Ghofranipour F. Effect of Health Promotion Model (HPM) based education on physical activity in diabetic women. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;13(4):361-7. [Persian]
[34]Alaviani M, Khosravan S, Alami A, Moshki M. The effect of a multi-strategy program on developing social behaviors based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model to prevent loneliness of old women referred to Gonabad urban health centers. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2015;3(2):132-40.
[35]Lusk SL, Ronis DL, Kerr MJ, Atwood JR. Test of the Health Promotion Model as a causal model of workers' use of hearing protection. Nurs Res. 1994;43(3):151-7.
[36]Khodaveisi M, Omidi A, Farokhi S, Soltanian A. Dietary behavior status and its predictors based on the Pender`s Health Promotion Model constructs among overweight women referred to Fatemieh hospital clinics in Hamedan, 2014. J Nurs Educ. 2016;5(2):31-9. [Persian]
[2]Ainy E, Soori H. 113 road traffic injury cost estimation by willingness to pay method. Inj Prev. 2016;22(S2):215-25.
[3]Shams M, Rashidian A, Shojaeizadeh D, Majdzadeh SR, Montazeri A. Dangerous driving behaviors in taxi drivers in Tehran: attitude, self-reporting and observational behaviors. Payesh. 2010;9(4):403-16. [Persian]
[4]Iranian Legal Medicine Organization. Examination of injuries and deaths of an accident [Internet]. Tehran: Iranian Legal Medicine Organization [Cited 2018 May]. Available from: http://www.lmo.ir/sis_products_services/79593-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81.html. [Persian]
[5]Tansim News Agency. Road accidents cost 7% of gross national product [Internet]. Tehran: Tansim News Agency [Cited 2018 May]. Available from: https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1394/12/28/1030766/. [Persian]
[6]Yaghoobi H. The role of human factors in car accidents in Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2000;6(1):60-7. [Persian]
[7]Haghshenas H, Hosseini M, Jamshidi M, Azizi H. Relation of personality traits with driving behavior in city of Shiraz in 2005. Hakim Res J. 2008;11(3):47-54. [Persian]
[8] Zamani AF. Design and evaluation of educational model in order to prevent harm risky driving behaviors in motorcycle drivers. J Tarbiat Modares Univ. 2009;5:98-100. [Persian]
[9]Babamiri M, Javdan M, Dehghani M, Baryaji H, Abbasi M. The study of the relationship between sensation seeking and type A personality with doing deliberate and unintentional violation in driving. J Life Sci Biomed. 2012;2(3):69-71.
[10]Çelik HE, Yilmaz V. Risky driving attitudes and self-reported traffic violations among Turkish drivers. Dogus Univ J. 2006;7(1):127-38.
[11]Rumar K. The role of perceptual and cognitive filters in observed behavior. In: Evans L, Schwing RC, editors. Human behavior and traffic safety. Boston, MA: Springer; 1985. pp 151-70.
[12]Nesari F. A total of 6 million inland trips take place in Mashhad, Iran, daily [Internet]. Mashhad: General News; 2015 Feb 1 [cited 2018 March 1]. Available from: https://news.mashhad.ir/news/1901654.html. [Persian]
[13]Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4th edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
[14]Amiri A, Rkhshany F, Farmanbar R. The effect of educational program based on BASNEF model on healthy lifestyle of taxi drivers in Langroud. J Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci. 2014;1(4):45-54. [Persian]
[15]Moeini B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Faradmal J, Soheylizad M. Effect of an educational program based on the health belief model to reduce cell phone usage during driving in taxi drivers. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(2):56-66.
[16]Owsley C, Stalvey BT, Phillips JM. The efficacy of an educational intervention in promoting self-regulation among high-risk older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35(3):393-400.
[17]Mock C, Quansah R, Krishnan R, Arreola-Risa C, Rivara F. Strengthening the prevention and care of injuries worldwide. Lancet. 2004;363(9427):2172-9.
[18]Sheikholeslam R, Mohamad A, Mohammad K, Vaseghi S. Non communicable disease risk factors surveillance in Iran. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl2):S100. [Persian]
[19]Bahmanpor K,Nori R,Nadrian H,Salehi B. Determinants of oral health behavior among high school students in Marivan county, Iran based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2011;9(2):93-106. [Persian]
[20]Kerman Saravi F, Rakhshani F, Sharakhipoor M. Applying Pender's Educational Model in promotion of health behavior of workers. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2006;15(58):54-60. [Persian]
[21]Asadzandi M, Sekarifard M, Ebadi A, Morovvati Sharif Abad MA, Salari MM. Effects of anger management training based on Health Promotion Model on soldiers engaged in risky behavior. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;2(4):68-79. [Persian]
[22]Adl J, Dehghan N, Abbaszadeh M. The survey of unsafe acts as the risk factors of accidents in using taxis for intercity travelling in Tehran. Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2014;2(1):39-46. [Persian]
[23]Zamani Alavijeh F, Asadolahi A. Investigation of influencing factors of taxi drivers’ risky behavior in Ahvaz in 2013. Sci J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2015;22(6):143-51. [Persian]
[24]Hassen A, Godesso A, Abebe L, Girma E. Risky driving behaviors for road traffic accident among drivers in Mekele city, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4(1):535. [Persian]
[25]Reason J, Manstead A, Stradling S, Baxter J, Campbell K. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction. Ergonomics. 1990;33(10-11):1315-32.
[26]Parker D, Reason JT, Manstead AS, Stradling SG. Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement. Ergonomics. 1995;38(5):1036-48.
[27]Maibach EW, Rothschild ML Novelli,WD. Social Marketing. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss; 2002. pp.437-61.
[28]Goshtasbi A, Vahdaninia M, Rezaee N. Knowledge of married women in Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad urban areas on AIDS and sexualy transmitted infections. Armaghane Danesh. 2006;11(3):100-7.[Persian]
[29] Shams M, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Risky driving behaviors in Tehran, Iran. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(1):91-4
[30]National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 2008. Washington: NCSA; 2008.
[31]Banaye Jedd M, Babazadeh T, Hashemian Z, Moradi F, Ghavami Z. Cognitive-behavioral determinants of oral health in students: an application of Pender's Health Promotion Model. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(2):1-8. [Persian]
[32]Majdzadeh R, Rashidian A, Shams M, Shojaeizadeh D, Montazeri A. Using the social marketing model to reduce risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2011;9(2):21-40. [Persian]
[33]Noroozi A, Tahmasebi R, Ghofranipour F. Effect of Health Promotion Model (HPM) based education on physical activity in diabetic women. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;13(4):361-7. [Persian]
[34]Alaviani M, Khosravan S, Alami A, Moshki M. The effect of a multi-strategy program on developing social behaviors based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model to prevent loneliness of old women referred to Gonabad urban health centers. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2015;3(2):132-40.
[35]Lusk SL, Ronis DL, Kerr MJ, Atwood JR. Test of the Health Promotion Model as a causal model of workers' use of hearing protection. Nurs Res. 1994;43(3):151-7.
[36]Khodaveisi M, Omidi A, Farokhi S, Soltanian A. Dietary behavior status and its predictors based on the Pender`s Health Promotion Model constructs among overweight women referred to Fatemieh hospital clinics in Hamedan, 2014. J Nurs Educ. 2016;5(2):31-9. [Persian]