@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):63-67
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):63-67
Effect of Sildenafil in Protection of Contralateral Testis Following Unilateral Blunt Testicular Trauma in Mouse
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Moeini Moghaddam R. (1)Shalizar Jalali A. (*)
Najafi Gh. (1)
Behfar M. (2)
(*) Basic Sciences Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
(1) Basic Sciences Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
(2) Surgery & Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University , Urmia, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nazloo Campus, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Postal Code: 5756151818Phone: +98 (44) 31942593
Fax: +98 (44) 32771926
a.shalizar@urmia.ac.ir
Article History
Received: November 14, 2015Accepted: July 19, 2016
ePublished: January 19, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Caused mainly by the contact sports, the non-penetrating testicular trauma in some children might produce post-maturity fertility problems in men. The aim of the study was to investigate the adjacent-testis protective role of sildenafil after the non-penetrating one-way testicular trauma in the rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 24 non-mature male rats (20 days old) were studied. The rats were randomly divided into four 6-rat groups including control, non-penetrating trauma, non-penetrating trauma + sildenafil, and sildenafil groups. To produce the non-penetrating trauma, the belly being opened, the right testis, put on a sterile constant level, was hit by a sterile 5g weight released from 10cm height. 0.1mg/kg sildenafil were administrated as intra-peritoneal injection daily and for 7 days after the trauma. The left testis of all the rats, removed in their 70 days old, were histologically investigated. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings The trauma significantly reduced the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules, their germinal epithelium height, and the spermatogenesis indices. In addition, such trauma caused different morphological changes in the adjacent testis of the rats. All the parameters were considerably improved by the administration of sildenafil (p<0.05).
Conclusion The sildenafil can protect the rats against the fertility disorders caused by the non-penetrating one-way testis trauma.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 24 non-mature male rats (20 days old) were studied. The rats were randomly divided into four 6-rat groups including control, non-penetrating trauma, non-penetrating trauma + sildenafil, and sildenafil groups. To produce the non-penetrating trauma, the belly being opened, the right testis, put on a sterile constant level, was hit by a sterile 5g weight released from 10cm height. 0.1mg/kg sildenafil were administrated as intra-peritoneal injection daily and for 7 days after the trauma. The left testis of all the rats, removed in their 70 days old, were histologically investigated. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings The trauma significantly reduced the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules, their germinal epithelium height, and the spermatogenesis indices. In addition, such trauma caused different morphological changes in the adjacent testis of the rats. All the parameters were considerably improved by the administration of sildenafil (p<0.05).
Conclusion The sildenafil can protect the rats against the fertility disorders caused by the non-penetrating one-way testis trauma.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Srinivas M, Hashim S, Mitra DK. Unilateral blunt testicular trauma in pre-pubertal rats. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999;15(7):457-60.
[2]Srinivas M, Chandrasekharam VV, Degaonkar M, Gupta DK, Jha P, Jagannathan NR, et al. Effects of unilateral grade I testicular injury in rat. Urology. 2002;60(3):548-51.
[3]Srinivas M, Degaonkar M, Jagannathan NR, Misro MM, Chaki SP, Gupta DK. Protective role of cyclosporine in experimental unilateral blunt testicular trauma: evaluation by 31P MR spectroscopy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(6):467-70.
[4]Nolten WE, Viosca SP, Korenman SG, Mardi R, Shapiro SS. Association of elevated estradiol with remote testicular trauma in young infertile men. Fertil Steril. 1994;62(1):143-9.
[5]Wallace DM, Gunter PA, Landon GV, Pugh RC, Hendry WF. Sympathetic orchiopathia-an experimental and clinical study. Br J Urol. 1982;54(6):765-8.
[6]Sharma RB, Srinivas M, Mitra DK, Das SN. T-lymphocyte subsets in the contralateral testis after unilateral blunt testicular trauma in pre-pubertal mice. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999;15(3-4):238-9.
[7]Gomes FO, Carvalho Mda C, Saraiva KL, Ribeiro EL, E Silva AK, Donato MA, et al. Effect of chronic Sildenafil treatment on the prostate of C57Bl/6 mice. Tissue Cell. 2014;46(6):439-49.
[8]Muzaffar S, Shukla N, Srivastava A, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. Sildenafil citrate and sildenafil nitrate (NCX 911) are potent inhibitors of superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;146(1):109-17.
[9]Toward TJ, Smith N, Broadley KJ. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Viagra), in animal models of airways disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(2):227-34.
[10]Yíldíz H, Durmus AS, Simşek H, Yaman M. Protective effect of sildenafil citrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion. Clinics. 2011;66(1):137-42.
[11]Beheshtian A, Hassanzadeh Salmasi A, Payabvash S, Kiumehr S, Ghazinezami B, Rahimpour S, et al. Protective effects of sildenafil administration on testicular torsion/detorsion damage in rats. World J Urol. 2008;26(2):197-202.
[12]Jalali AS, Hasanzadeh S, Malekinejad H. Achillea millefolium inflorescence aqueous extract ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in rat testis: stereological evidences. Chin J Nat Med. 2012;10(4):247-54.
[13]Shalizar Jalali A, Hasanzadeh S. Crataegus monogyna fruit aqueous extract as a protective agent against doxorubicin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2013;3(2):159-70.
[14]Kukadia AN, Ercole CJ, Gleich P, Hensleigh H, Pryor JL. Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function. J Urol. 1996;156(5):1643-6.
[15]Lin WW, Kim ED, Quesada ET, Lipshultz LI, Coburn M. Unilateral testicular injury from external trauma: Evaluation of semen quality and endocrine parameters. J Urol. 1998;159(3):841-3.
[16]Otçu S, Durakoğugil M, Orer HS, Tanyel FC. Contralateral genitofemoral sympathetic nerve discharge increases following ipsilateral testicular torsion. Urol Res. 2002;30(5):324-8.
[17]Slavis SA, Scholz JN, Hewitt CW, Black KS, Campbell RS, Patel M, et al. The effects of testicular trauma on fertility in the Lewis rat and comparisons to isoimmunized recipients of syngeneic sperm. J Urol. 1990;143(3):638-41.
[18]Andiran F, Okur DH, Kilinç A, Gedikoglu G, Kilinç K, Tanyel FC. Do experimentally induced ipsilateral testicular torsion, vas deferens obstruction, intra-abdominal testis or venous obstruction damage the contralateral testis through a common mechanism?. BJU Int. 2000;85(3):330-5.
[19]Sukhotnik I, Miselevich I, Lurie M, Nativ O, Coran AG, Mogilner JG. The time relationship between ipsilateral testicular ischemia and germ cell apoptosis in the contralateral testis in rat. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(7):512-6.
[20]Jansen R, Kandzari SJ, Zaslau S. Testicular trauma resulting in spermatic vessel thrombosis and testicular loss: A case report. Can J Urol. 2012;19(1):6128-30.
[21]Bernardes FP, Batista AT, Porto ML, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Meyrelles SS. Protective effect of sildenafil on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice bone marrow cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2016;15:100.
[22]Saki G, Radan K, Mostafa Radmard S, Rashidi I. The effect of unilateral testicular blunt trauma on number and motility of sperms in contra lateral testis of Wistar rat. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2010;9(3):153-62. [Persian]
[23]Yıldız H, Durmus AS, Şimşek H, Yaman M. Dose-dependent protective effect of sildenafil citrate on testicular injury after torsion/detorsion in rats. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):300-6.
[24]Moeini Moghadam R, Shalizar Jalali A, Najafi G, Behfar M. Protective effects of Sildenafil on contralateral epididymal sperm count and motility following unilateral blunt testicular trauma in prepubertal male mice. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2015;17(4):11-6. [Persian]
[25]Taskin MI, Yay A, Adali E, Balcioglu E, Inceboz U. Protective effects of sildenafil citrate administration on cisplatin-induced ovarian damage in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015; 31(4):272-7.
[26]Incebiyik A, Seker A, Camuzcuoglu H, Kocaslan S, Camuzcuoglu A, Hilali NG, et al. Does sildenafil have protective effects against ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats?. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291(6):1283-8.
[2]Srinivas M, Chandrasekharam VV, Degaonkar M, Gupta DK, Jha P, Jagannathan NR, et al. Effects of unilateral grade I testicular injury in rat. Urology. 2002;60(3):548-51.
[3]Srinivas M, Degaonkar M, Jagannathan NR, Misro MM, Chaki SP, Gupta DK. Protective role of cyclosporine in experimental unilateral blunt testicular trauma: evaluation by 31P MR spectroscopy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(6):467-70.
[4]Nolten WE, Viosca SP, Korenman SG, Mardi R, Shapiro SS. Association of elevated estradiol with remote testicular trauma in young infertile men. Fertil Steril. 1994;62(1):143-9.
[5]Wallace DM, Gunter PA, Landon GV, Pugh RC, Hendry WF. Sympathetic orchiopathia-an experimental and clinical study. Br J Urol. 1982;54(6):765-8.
[6]Sharma RB, Srinivas M, Mitra DK, Das SN. T-lymphocyte subsets in the contralateral testis after unilateral blunt testicular trauma in pre-pubertal mice. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999;15(3-4):238-9.
[7]Gomes FO, Carvalho Mda C, Saraiva KL, Ribeiro EL, E Silva AK, Donato MA, et al. Effect of chronic Sildenafil treatment on the prostate of C57Bl/6 mice. Tissue Cell. 2014;46(6):439-49.
[8]Muzaffar S, Shukla N, Srivastava A, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. Sildenafil citrate and sildenafil nitrate (NCX 911) are potent inhibitors of superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;146(1):109-17.
[9]Toward TJ, Smith N, Broadley KJ. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Viagra), in animal models of airways disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(2):227-34.
[10]Yíldíz H, Durmus AS, Simşek H, Yaman M. Protective effect of sildenafil citrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion. Clinics. 2011;66(1):137-42.
[11]Beheshtian A, Hassanzadeh Salmasi A, Payabvash S, Kiumehr S, Ghazinezami B, Rahimpour S, et al. Protective effects of sildenafil administration on testicular torsion/detorsion damage in rats. World J Urol. 2008;26(2):197-202.
[12]Jalali AS, Hasanzadeh S, Malekinejad H. Achillea millefolium inflorescence aqueous extract ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in rat testis: stereological evidences. Chin J Nat Med. 2012;10(4):247-54.
[13]Shalizar Jalali A, Hasanzadeh S. Crataegus monogyna fruit aqueous extract as a protective agent against doxorubicin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2013;3(2):159-70.
[14]Kukadia AN, Ercole CJ, Gleich P, Hensleigh H, Pryor JL. Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function. J Urol. 1996;156(5):1643-6.
[15]Lin WW, Kim ED, Quesada ET, Lipshultz LI, Coburn M. Unilateral testicular injury from external trauma: Evaluation of semen quality and endocrine parameters. J Urol. 1998;159(3):841-3.
[16]Otçu S, Durakoğugil M, Orer HS, Tanyel FC. Contralateral genitofemoral sympathetic nerve discharge increases following ipsilateral testicular torsion. Urol Res. 2002;30(5):324-8.
[17]Slavis SA, Scholz JN, Hewitt CW, Black KS, Campbell RS, Patel M, et al. The effects of testicular trauma on fertility in the Lewis rat and comparisons to isoimmunized recipients of syngeneic sperm. J Urol. 1990;143(3):638-41.
[18]Andiran F, Okur DH, Kilinç A, Gedikoglu G, Kilinç K, Tanyel FC. Do experimentally induced ipsilateral testicular torsion, vas deferens obstruction, intra-abdominal testis or venous obstruction damage the contralateral testis through a common mechanism?. BJU Int. 2000;85(3):330-5.
[19]Sukhotnik I, Miselevich I, Lurie M, Nativ O, Coran AG, Mogilner JG. The time relationship between ipsilateral testicular ischemia and germ cell apoptosis in the contralateral testis in rat. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(7):512-6.
[20]Jansen R, Kandzari SJ, Zaslau S. Testicular trauma resulting in spermatic vessel thrombosis and testicular loss: A case report. Can J Urol. 2012;19(1):6128-30.
[21]Bernardes FP, Batista AT, Porto ML, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Meyrelles SS. Protective effect of sildenafil on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice bone marrow cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2016;15:100.
[22]Saki G, Radan K, Mostafa Radmard S, Rashidi I. The effect of unilateral testicular blunt trauma on number and motility of sperms in contra lateral testis of Wistar rat. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2010;9(3):153-62. [Persian]
[23]Yıldız H, Durmus AS, Şimşek H, Yaman M. Dose-dependent protective effect of sildenafil citrate on testicular injury after torsion/detorsion in rats. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):300-6.
[24]Moeini Moghadam R, Shalizar Jalali A, Najafi G, Behfar M. Protective effects of Sildenafil on contralateral epididymal sperm count and motility following unilateral blunt testicular trauma in prepubertal male mice. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2015;17(4):11-6. [Persian]
[25]Taskin MI, Yay A, Adali E, Balcioglu E, Inceboz U. Protective effects of sildenafil citrate administration on cisplatin-induced ovarian damage in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015; 31(4):272-7.
[26]Incebiyik A, Seker A, Camuzcuoglu H, Kocaslan S, Camuzcuoglu A, Hilali NG, et al. Does sildenafil have protective effects against ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats?. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291(6):1283-8.