@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):43-58
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):43-58
A Modern Model in Social Construction of Spiritual Health Discourse
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Qualitative StudyAuthors
Ekhlasi E. (*)(*) Sociology Department, Social Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Social Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Dehkadeh-ye-Olympic, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 22223001
Fax: +98 (21) 22227075
eb.ekhlasi@gmail.com
Article History
Received: July 11, 2017Accepted: October 10, 2017
ePublished: June 18, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Chronic and severe illnesses lead to the excitement of existential and spiritual anxiety with the onset of conflict between "existence" and "non-existence" and challenging the ontological security of patients. The aim of this article was the critical evaluation of the studies and practical procedures performed about the spiritual aspects of patients in the treatment centers.
Information & Methods In this study, 40 Iranian (17 researches in the period of 2008-2013) and non-Iranian (23 researches in the period of 2002-2013) researches were evaluated with the priority of the time of writing, with a qualitative approach.
Findings The items were collected under 5 themes (the concept of spirituality, the learning and teaching of spirituality, the functions and consequences of spirituality, attitudes toward spirituality and spiritual experience and organizational spirituality) in the internal studies and under 6 themes (the interpretations and spiritual and religious characteristics and its implications in clinical functions, the effect of spirituality and religion on health, learning and teaching spirituality and spiritual care, spiritual experience, spirituality assessment and spiritual needs of patients and organizational spirituality) in the foreign studies.
Conclusion The social construction model of the Spiritual Spirituality Disclosure, with the realization beyond the dual "agency-structure", simultaneously influences the interaction between macro and macro level variables.
Information & Methods In this study, 40 Iranian (17 researches in the period of 2008-2013) and non-Iranian (23 researches in the period of 2002-2013) researches were evaluated with the priority of the time of writing, with a qualitative approach.
Findings The items were collected under 5 themes (the concept of spirituality, the learning and teaching of spirituality, the functions and consequences of spirituality, attitudes toward spirituality and spiritual experience and organizational spirituality) in the internal studies and under 6 themes (the interpretations and spiritual and religious characteristics and its implications in clinical functions, the effect of spirituality and religion on health, learning and teaching spirituality and spiritual care, spiritual experience, spirituality assessment and spiritual needs of patients and organizational spirituality) in the foreign studies.
Conclusion The social construction model of the Spiritual Spirituality Disclosure, with the realization beyond the dual "agency-structure", simultaneously influences the interaction between macro and macro level variables.
Keywords:
Spirituality,
Health ,
Consumer Society,
Modern Medicine,
Existential Question,
Philosophy of Life,
CITATION LINKS
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[15]Marzband RA, Zaka AA. Spiritual health indicators from the perspective of revelation teachings. Med Ethic. 2013;6(20):69-99. [Persian]
[16]Omidvari S. Spiritual health; concepts and challenges. Interdiscip Quran Stud. 2009;1(1):5-17. [Persian]
[17] Tazakori Z, Valizadeh S, Mohammadi I, Hasankhani H. Process of spiritual care learning in iranian nursing students: a grounded theory study. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2013;11(1):61-3. [Persian]
[18]KhaghaniZadeh M, Maleki H, Abasi M, AbasPour A. Identity of medical ethics curriculum based on the experiences of medical ethics professors: A qualitative study. Med Ethic. 2011;5(16):95-116. [Persian]
[19]Khorami Markani A, Yaghmaei F, Izadi A. Teaching spirituality and spiritual care in nursing: A challenge for curriculum planning. Fac Nurs Midwifery Q. 2010;20(68):41-9. [Persian]
[20]Entezari A, Jalili Z, Mohagheghi MA, MomtazManesh N. Challenges of community medicine education in Iran. Teb va Tazkieh. 2010;77:52-64. [Persian]
[21]AsarRoudi A, Jalilvand MR, Oudi D, Akaberi A. Relationship between spiritual wellbeing and life satisfaction in nursing staff of Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad. Modern Care J. 2012;9(2):156-62. [Persian]
[22]Baljani E, Kazemi M, Amanpour E, Tizfahm T. A Study of the relationship between religion, spiritual health, hope and quality of life in patients with cancer. J Evid Base Care. 2011;1(1):51-62. [Persian]
[23]Abasiyan L, Abasi M, Shamsi Goushki E, Memariyani Z. A survey on the scientific status of spiritual health and its role in prevention of diseases: A preliminary study. Med Ethic. 2010;4(14):83-104. [Persian]
[24]Bahreynian SAH, Delshad H, Shakeri N, Azizi F. The study of physicians' attitude towards the effect of spirituality on the treatment process. Med Ethic. 2012;6(20):127-53. [Persian]
[25] Bahreynian SAH, Saadat R, Shakeri N, Azizi F. The study of patients’ attitude towards the effect of spirituality on the treatment process. Med Ethic. 2011;4(14):131-48. [Persian]
[26]MomenNasab M, Moattari M, Abaszade A, Shamshiri B. Spiritual experience of heart attack patients: A qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2013;1(4):284-97. [Persian]
[27] Shojaei P, Sadeghi T, Karimi T, Mokhtari P. Investigating the relationship between spirituality of managers and the spirituality of the workplace with the satisfaction of patients and hospital staff. Payesh. 2012;11(4):451-58. [Persian]
[28]Sarlak MA, Veiseh SM, PourAshraf YA, MAhadiZadeh H. Designing the model of Spirituality Based Organization in Higher Education System of Iran. Public Manag Res. 2013;5(18):5-24. [Persian]
[29]Büssing A, Hirdes AT, Baumann K, Hvidt NC, Heusser P. Aspects of Spirituality in Medical Doctors and Their Relation to Specific Views of Illness and Dealing with Their Patients’ Individual Situation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:734392.
[30]Stern RM. Jewish Physicians’ Beliefs and Practices Regarding Religion/Spirituality in the Clinical Encounter. J Relig Health. 2011;50(4):806-17.
[31]Lawrence RE, Curlin FA. Autonomy, religion and clinical decisions: Findings from a national physician survey. J Med Ethics. 2009;35(4):214-8.
[32]Curlin FA, Lawrence RE, Odell S, Chin MH, Lantos JD, Koenig HG, et al. Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Psychiatrists' and other physicians' differing observations, interpretations, and clinical approaches. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(12):1825-31.
[33] Curlin FA, Dugdale LS, Lantos JD, Chin MH. Do religious physicians disproportionately care for the underserved?. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5(4):353-60.
[34]Curlin FA, Lantos JD, Roach CJ, Sellergren SA, Chin MH. Religious characteristics of U.S. physicians :A National Survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(7):629-34.
[35]Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Research findings and implications for clinical practice. South Med J. 2004;97(12):1194-200.
[36]Hall DE, Curlin F. Can physicians' care be neutral regarding religion?. Acad Med. 79(7):677-9.
[37]Padela AI. Curlin FA. Religion and disparities: Considering the influences of Islam on the health of American Muslims. J Relig Health. 2013;52(4):1333-45.
[38]Carlos ARO, Rodriguez M, Markides KS. The role of spirituality healing with perceptions of the medical encounter among Latinos. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(3):542-7.
[39]Curlin FA, Roach CJ, Gorawara-Bhat R, Lantos JD, Chin MH. How are religion and spirituality related to health? a study of physicians' perspectives. South Med J. 2005;98(8):761-6.
[40]Hebert RS, Weinstein E, Martire LM, Schulz R. Religion, spirituality and the well-being of informal caregivers: A review, critique, and research prospectus. Aging Ment Health. 2006;10(5):497-520.
[41] Curlin FA, Sellergren SA, Lantos JD, Marshall HC. Physicians’ observations and interpretations of the influence of religion and spirituality on health. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(7):649-54.
[42]Wallace KA. Bergeman CS. Spirituality and religiosity in a sample of African American elders: A life story approach. J Adult Dev. 2002;9(2):141-54.
[43]Yardley SJ, Walshe CE, Parr A. Improving training in spiritual care: A qualitative study exploring patient perceptions of professional educational requirements. Palliat Med. 2009;23(7):601-7.
[44] Moberg David O. Spirituality and aging: Research and implications. J Relig Spiritual Aging. 2008;20(1-2):95-134.
[45]Daaleman TP, Usher BM, Williams SW, Rawlings J, Hanson LC. An exploratory study of spiritual care at the end of life. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(5):406-11.
[46]Deal B. A Pilot Study of Nurses' Experience of Giving Spiritual Care. Qualitat Rep. 2010;15(4):852-63.
[47]Egan M, Swedersky J. Spirituality as experienced by occupational therapists in practice. Am J Occup Ther. 2003;57(5):525-33.
[48]Borneman T, Ferrell B, Puchalski CM. Evaluation of the FICA tool for spiritual assessment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;40(2):163-73.
[49]Galek K, Flannelly KJ, Vane A, Galek RM. Assessing a Patient’s Spiritual Needs, A Comprehensive Instrument. Holist Nurs Pract. 2005;19(2):62-9.
[50]Stulberg DB, Lawrence RE, Shattuck J, Curlin FA. Religious hospitals and primary care physicians: Conflicts over policies for patient care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(7):725-30.
[51] Craddock Lee SJ. In a secular spirit: Strategies of clinical pastoral education. Health Care Anal. 2002;10(4):339-56.
[52]Sloan RP, Bagiella E. Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(1):14-21.
[53] Taheri Torshizi E, Mousavi MA. Human awareness of death and meaningfulness of life in Nahj Al-Balagheh. Relig Anthropol. 2012;9(27):177-98. [Persian]
[2]Tuck I, Wallace D, Pullen L. Spirituality and spiritual care provided by Parish nurses. West J Nurs Res. 2001,23(5):441-53.
[3]Dalmida SG, Holstad MM, DiIorio C, Laderman G. The meaning and use of spirituality among African American women living with HIV/AIDS. West J Nurs Res. 2012;34(6):736-65.
[4]Miguel U. The tragic sense of life in men and nations. Khoramshahi B, translator. Tehran: Nahid; 2009. [Persian]
[5]Makarem Shirazi N. Resurrection and the afterlife. Tehran: Sorour Publication; 2006. [Persian]
[6]Norbert E. The loneliness of the dying. Mehregan O, Najafi S, translators. Tehran: Gam-e No; 2001.
[7] Jafari MT. Islamic mysticism. Tehran: Keramat Publication Institute; Unknown Date. [Persian]
[8] Jafari MT. Philosophy and purpose of life. Tehran: Ghadyani; 1996. [Persian]
[9]Ekhlasi E. Sociological study of factors affecting body management in women; case study of women in Shiraz [Dissertation]. Isfahan: Faculty of Litrature University of Isfahan; 2007. [Persian]
[10]Kashfi A. Philosophical analysis of psychological suffering of patients on the verge of death and its place in medical ethics. J Diabete Metab Disord. 2007;7(24):37-45.
[11]Ruffin RT. Death education in secondary schools in the United States of America: A religious perspective [Dissertation]. Pretotia: Universiy of South Africa; 2011.
[12]Sam Aram EA, Hezar Jaribi J, Fadakar MM, Karami MT, Shamsaei MM. Spiritual wellbeing; frameworks, ranges and components based on the teachings of Islam. Soc Dev Welfare Plan. 2013;14:1-26. [Persian]
[13]Abasi M, Azizi F, Shamsi Goushki E, NaseriRad M, Akbari Lakeh M. Conceptual definition and operationalization of spiritual health: a methodological study. Med Ethic. 2013;6(20):11-44. [Persian]
[14]AbolGhasemi MJ. The concept of spiritual health and its extent in religious attitudes. Med Ethic. 2013;6(20):45-68. [Persian]
[15]Marzband RA, Zaka AA. Spiritual health indicators from the perspective of revelation teachings. Med Ethic. 2013;6(20):69-99. [Persian]
[16]Omidvari S. Spiritual health; concepts and challenges. Interdiscip Quran Stud. 2009;1(1):5-17. [Persian]
[17] Tazakori Z, Valizadeh S, Mohammadi I, Hasankhani H. Process of spiritual care learning in iranian nursing students: a grounded theory study. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2013;11(1):61-3. [Persian]
[18]KhaghaniZadeh M, Maleki H, Abasi M, AbasPour A. Identity of medical ethics curriculum based on the experiences of medical ethics professors: A qualitative study. Med Ethic. 2011;5(16):95-116. [Persian]
[19]Khorami Markani A, Yaghmaei F, Izadi A. Teaching spirituality and spiritual care in nursing: A challenge for curriculum planning. Fac Nurs Midwifery Q. 2010;20(68):41-9. [Persian]
[20]Entezari A, Jalili Z, Mohagheghi MA, MomtazManesh N. Challenges of community medicine education in Iran. Teb va Tazkieh. 2010;77:52-64. [Persian]
[21]AsarRoudi A, Jalilvand MR, Oudi D, Akaberi A. Relationship between spiritual wellbeing and life satisfaction in nursing staff of Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad. Modern Care J. 2012;9(2):156-62. [Persian]
[22]Baljani E, Kazemi M, Amanpour E, Tizfahm T. A Study of the relationship between religion, spiritual health, hope and quality of life in patients with cancer. J Evid Base Care. 2011;1(1):51-62. [Persian]
[23]Abasiyan L, Abasi M, Shamsi Goushki E, Memariyani Z. A survey on the scientific status of spiritual health and its role in prevention of diseases: A preliminary study. Med Ethic. 2010;4(14):83-104. [Persian]
[24]Bahreynian SAH, Delshad H, Shakeri N, Azizi F. The study of physicians' attitude towards the effect of spirituality on the treatment process. Med Ethic. 2012;6(20):127-53. [Persian]
[25] Bahreynian SAH, Saadat R, Shakeri N, Azizi F. The study of patients’ attitude towards the effect of spirituality on the treatment process. Med Ethic. 2011;4(14):131-48. [Persian]
[26]MomenNasab M, Moattari M, Abaszade A, Shamshiri B. Spiritual experience of heart attack patients: A qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2013;1(4):284-97. [Persian]
[27] Shojaei P, Sadeghi T, Karimi T, Mokhtari P. Investigating the relationship between spirituality of managers and the spirituality of the workplace with the satisfaction of patients and hospital staff. Payesh. 2012;11(4):451-58. [Persian]
[28]Sarlak MA, Veiseh SM, PourAshraf YA, MAhadiZadeh H. Designing the model of Spirituality Based Organization in Higher Education System of Iran. Public Manag Res. 2013;5(18):5-24. [Persian]
[29]Büssing A, Hirdes AT, Baumann K, Hvidt NC, Heusser P. Aspects of Spirituality in Medical Doctors and Their Relation to Specific Views of Illness and Dealing with Their Patients’ Individual Situation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:734392.
[30]Stern RM. Jewish Physicians’ Beliefs and Practices Regarding Religion/Spirituality in the Clinical Encounter. J Relig Health. 2011;50(4):806-17.
[31]Lawrence RE, Curlin FA. Autonomy, religion and clinical decisions: Findings from a national physician survey. J Med Ethics. 2009;35(4):214-8.
[32]Curlin FA, Lawrence RE, Odell S, Chin MH, Lantos JD, Koenig HG, et al. Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Psychiatrists' and other physicians' differing observations, interpretations, and clinical approaches. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(12):1825-31.
[33] Curlin FA, Dugdale LS, Lantos JD, Chin MH. Do religious physicians disproportionately care for the underserved?. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5(4):353-60.
[34]Curlin FA, Lantos JD, Roach CJ, Sellergren SA, Chin MH. Religious characteristics of U.S. physicians :A National Survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(7):629-34.
[35]Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and medicine: Research findings and implications for clinical practice. South Med J. 2004;97(12):1194-200.
[36]Hall DE, Curlin F. Can physicians' care be neutral regarding religion?. Acad Med. 79(7):677-9.
[37]Padela AI. Curlin FA. Religion and disparities: Considering the influences of Islam on the health of American Muslims. J Relig Health. 2013;52(4):1333-45.
[38]Carlos ARO, Rodriguez M, Markides KS. The role of spirituality healing with perceptions of the medical encounter among Latinos. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(3):542-7.
[39]Curlin FA, Roach CJ, Gorawara-Bhat R, Lantos JD, Chin MH. How are religion and spirituality related to health? a study of physicians' perspectives. South Med J. 2005;98(8):761-6.
[40]Hebert RS, Weinstein E, Martire LM, Schulz R. Religion, spirituality and the well-being of informal caregivers: A review, critique, and research prospectus. Aging Ment Health. 2006;10(5):497-520.
[41] Curlin FA, Sellergren SA, Lantos JD, Marshall HC. Physicians’ observations and interpretations of the influence of religion and spirituality on health. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(7):649-54.
[42]Wallace KA. Bergeman CS. Spirituality and religiosity in a sample of African American elders: A life story approach. J Adult Dev. 2002;9(2):141-54.
[43]Yardley SJ, Walshe CE, Parr A. Improving training in spiritual care: A qualitative study exploring patient perceptions of professional educational requirements. Palliat Med. 2009;23(7):601-7.
[44] Moberg David O. Spirituality and aging: Research and implications. J Relig Spiritual Aging. 2008;20(1-2):95-134.
[45]Daaleman TP, Usher BM, Williams SW, Rawlings J, Hanson LC. An exploratory study of spiritual care at the end of life. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(5):406-11.
[46]Deal B. A Pilot Study of Nurses' Experience of Giving Spiritual Care. Qualitat Rep. 2010;15(4):852-63.
[47]Egan M, Swedersky J. Spirituality as experienced by occupational therapists in practice. Am J Occup Ther. 2003;57(5):525-33.
[48]Borneman T, Ferrell B, Puchalski CM. Evaluation of the FICA tool for spiritual assessment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;40(2):163-73.
[49]Galek K, Flannelly KJ, Vane A, Galek RM. Assessing a Patient’s Spiritual Needs, A Comprehensive Instrument. Holist Nurs Pract. 2005;19(2):62-9.
[50]Stulberg DB, Lawrence RE, Shattuck J, Curlin FA. Religious hospitals and primary care physicians: Conflicts over policies for patient care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(7):725-30.
[51] Craddock Lee SJ. In a secular spirit: Strategies of clinical pastoral education. Health Care Anal. 2002;10(4):339-56.
[52]Sloan RP, Bagiella E. Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(1):14-21.
[53] Taheri Torshizi E, Mousavi MA. Human awareness of death and meaningfulness of life in Nahj Al-Balagheh. Relig Anthropol. 2012;9(27):177-98. [Persian]