@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):131-137
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):131-137
Effectiveness of Educational Program Based on Planned Behavior Theory on Decreasing Intention of Hookah and Tobacco Supply among the Handlers of Public Places and Food Centers in Arak City
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Bashirian S. (1)Mahmoodi H. (2)
Barati M. (*1)
Mohammadi Y. (3)
(1) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(2) Public Health Department, Health Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(3) Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Health Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran.Phone: +98 (81) 38381795
Fax: +98 (81) 38380509
barati@umsha.ac.ir
Article History
Received: February 3, 2019Accepted: May 14, 2019
ePublished: September 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Planning to reduce the production and supply of hookah and tobacco can be a positive step to reducing the hookah and tobacco consumption in the community. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of educational programs on decreasing intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the handlers of public places and food centers in Arak city, Iran based on the theory of planned behavior.
Materials & Methods This research is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest method and the control group. The present research was carried out among 102 handlers of public places and food centers of Arak city, Iran in 2017 which randomly selected and divided into two experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=51). Data were collected using a questionnaire, including the constructs of the planned behavior theory and demographic variables. The intervention program consisted of 4 sessions that were applied to the experimental group during one month. Both groups were followed for two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through the chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and McNemar test.
Findings After the educational intervention, significant differences were observed in the changes of attitude constructs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between the experimental and control groups in the pretest-posttest steps (p<0.001). Also, the educational intervention resulted in a 25.1% decrease in the intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the experimental group.
Conclusion The educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior is effective to reduce the supply of hookah and tobacco among the handlers of public places and food centers.
Materials & Methods This research is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest method and the control group. The present research was carried out among 102 handlers of public places and food centers of Arak city, Iran in 2017 which randomly selected and divided into two experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=51). Data were collected using a questionnaire, including the constructs of the planned behavior theory and demographic variables. The intervention program consisted of 4 sessions that were applied to the experimental group during one month. Both groups were followed for two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through the chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and McNemar test.
Findings After the educational intervention, significant differences were observed in the changes of attitude constructs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between the experimental and control groups in the pretest-posttest steps (p<0.001). Also, the educational intervention resulted in a 25.1% decrease in the intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the experimental group.
Conclusion The educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior is effective to reduce the supply of hookah and tobacco among the handlers of public places and food centers.
CITATION LINKS
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[16]Bashirian S, Hidarnia A, Allahverdipour H, Hajizadeh E. Application of the theory of planned behavior to predict drug abuse related behaviors among adolescents. J Res Health Sci. 2012;12(1):54-60.
[17]Karimi M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I. The effect of an educational program based on Kemp model on smoking refusal ability in the male adolescents. Daneshvar Med. 2013;20(106):55-62. [Persian]
[18]Joveyni H, Dehdari T, Gohari MR, Gharinavaz H. The survey of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of college students about hookah smoking cessation. Health Syst Res. 2012;8(7):1311-21. [Persian]
[19]Zarei F, Taghdisi MH, Solhi M, Tehrani H, Shojaeizadeh D. The effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF model to improve interpersonal communication skills of nurses. Alborz Univ Med J. 2012;1(3):173-8. [Persian]
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[22]Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Reis-Bergan M, Trudeau L, Vande Lune LS, Buunk B. Inhibitory effects of drinker and nondrinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychol. 2002;21(6):601-9.
[23]Hazrati S, Moradi M, Arvish E. The effect of Specific Public Health course on knowledge, attitude and practice of health providers in Ardabil supply, distribution and sales centers. 2th Student Congress. Ardabil: Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; 2010. p. 71.
[24]Tavousi M, Heidarnia A, Montazeri A, Taremian F, Akbari H, Haeri A. Distinction between two control constructs: an application of the theory of planned behavior for substance abuse avoidance in adolescents. Horizon Med Sci. 2009;15(3):36-44. [Persian]
[25]Moeini B, Hazavehei SMM, Bashirian S, Soltanian A, Mousali AA, Kafami V. Effect of educational program to encourage safe sexual behaviors among addicted men refered to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan, Western Iran: Applying the theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(1):1-10. [Persian]
[26]Joveyni H, Dehdari T, Gohari M. Waterpipe smoking in the male college students: an education intervention using theory of planned behavior. J Res Health. 2013;3(4):497-503. [Persian]
[27]Barati M, Allahverdipour H, Moeini B, Farhadinasab A, Mahjoub H. Evaluation of theory of planned behavior-based education in prevention of MDMA (ecstasy) use among university students. Tabriz Med J. 2011;33(3):20-9. [Persian]
[28]Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Processes. 1991;50(2):179-211.
[29]Chabrol H, Mabila J, Chauchard E, Mantoulan R, Rousseau A. [Contributions of parental and social influences to cannabis use in a non-clinical sample of adolescents]. Encephale. 2008;34(1):8-16. [French]
[30]Bahraini-Boroujeni M, Ghaedamini Haroni G, Saedzadeh H, Sepehri-Borujeni K. Examination of the four effectiveness methods of preventive from drug abuse on changing attitude towards drug abuse in the high schools boys. J Shahrekord Uuniv Med Sci. 2014;16(2):43-51. [Persian]
[31]Huang CM, Chien LY, Cheng CF, Guo JL. Integrating Life Skills Into a Theory‐Based Drug‐Use Prevention Program: Effectiveness Among Junior High Students in Taiwan. J Sch Health. 2012;82(7):328-35.
[32]Badr HE, Moody PM. Self-efficacy: a predictor for smoking cessation contemplators in Kuwaiti adults. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):273-7.
[33]Karofsky PS, Zeng L, Kosorok MR. Relationship between adolescent–parental communication and initiation of first intercourse by adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2001;28(1):41-5.
[34]Heidarnia A, Barati M, Niknami S, Allahverdipour H, Bashirian S. Effect of a web-based educational program on prevention of tobacco smoking among male adolescents: an application of Prototype Willingness Model. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(1):1-11. [Persian]
[2]Maziak W, Ward K, Afifi S, Eissenberg T. Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Tob Control. 2004;13(4):327-33.
[3]Bashirian S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y, Mostafaei H. Factors associated with hookah use among male high school students: the role of demographic characteristics and hookah user and non-user prototypes. J Res Health Sci. 2016;16(4):217-23.
[4]Shihadeh A, Azar S, Antonios C, Haddad A. Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pipe café smoking: a pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004;79(1):75-82.
[5]Yousefi F, Darabi H, Nabipour I, Assadi M, Vahdat K, Kardeh E, et al. Prevalence of tobacco smoking in Bushehr province: comparison of two phases of the Persian Gulf healthy heart study. Iran South Med J. 2014;17(3):487-95. [Persian]
[6]Khalil J, Afifi R, Fouad FM, Hammal F, Jarallah Y, Mohamed M, Nakkash R. Women and waterpipe tobacco smoking in the eastern Mediterranean region: allure or offensiveness. Women Health. 2013;53(1):100-16.
[7]Baheiraei A, Sighaldeh SS, Ebadi A, Kelishadi R, Majdzadeh R. Factors that contribute in the first hookah smoking trial by women: a qualitative study from Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(1):100-10.
[8]Akl EA, Gaddam S, Gunukula SK, Honeine R, Jaoude PA, Irani J. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(3):834-57.
[9]Fleck S. Family functioning and family pathology. Psychiatr Ann. 1980;10(2):17-35.
[10]Villanti AC, Cobb CO, Cohn AM, Williams VF, Rath JM. Correlates of hookah use and predictors of hookah trial in US young adults. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):742-6.
[11]Greaves L, Hemsing N. Women and tobacco control policies: Social-structural and psychosocial contributions to vulnerability to tobacco use and exposure. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;104 Suppl 1:S121-30.
[12]Barati M, Niknami S, Hidarnia A, Allahverdipour H. Predictors of tobacco smoking in male adolescents in Hamadan based on the theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(3):28-37. [Persian]
[13] Sidani JE, Shensa A, Barnett TE, Cook RL, Primack BA. Knowledge, attitudes, and normative beliefs as predictors of hookah smoking initiation: a longitudinal study of university students. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(6):647-54.
[14]Barnett TE, Shensa A, Kim KH, Cook RL, Nuzzo E, Primack BA. The predictive utility of attitudes toward hookah tobacco smoking. Am J Health Behav. 2013;37(4):433-9.
[15]Saeed Firoozabadi M, Tahmasebi R, Noroozi A. Predicting factors on continued intention of waterpipe smoking among women in Bushehr using the theory of planned behavior. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;2(4):260-9. [Persian]
[16]Bashirian S, Hidarnia A, Allahverdipour H, Hajizadeh E. Application of the theory of planned behavior to predict drug abuse related behaviors among adolescents. J Res Health Sci. 2012;12(1):54-60.
[17]Karimi M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I. The effect of an educational program based on Kemp model on smoking refusal ability in the male adolescents. Daneshvar Med. 2013;20(106):55-62. [Persian]
[18]Joveyni H, Dehdari T, Gohari MR, Gharinavaz H. The survey of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of college students about hookah smoking cessation. Health Syst Res. 2012;8(7):1311-21. [Persian]
[19]Zarei F, Taghdisi MH, Solhi M, Tehrani H, Shojaeizadeh D. The effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF model to improve interpersonal communication skills of nurses. Alborz Univ Med J. 2012;1(3):173-8. [Persian]
[20]Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
[21]Shojaei-Zadeh D, Heydarnia A, Ghofranipour F, Pakpur A, Safari M. Theories, models and methods of health education and health promotion. Tehran: Asar-e Sobhan; 2009. p. 117-21. [Persian]
[22]Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Reis-Bergan M, Trudeau L, Vande Lune LS, Buunk B. Inhibitory effects of drinker and nondrinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychol. 2002;21(6):601-9.
[23]Hazrati S, Moradi M, Arvish E. The effect of Specific Public Health course on knowledge, attitude and practice of health providers in Ardabil supply, distribution and sales centers. 2th Student Congress. Ardabil: Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; 2010. p. 71.
[24]Tavousi M, Heidarnia A, Montazeri A, Taremian F, Akbari H, Haeri A. Distinction between two control constructs: an application of the theory of planned behavior for substance abuse avoidance in adolescents. Horizon Med Sci. 2009;15(3):36-44. [Persian]
[25]Moeini B, Hazavehei SMM, Bashirian S, Soltanian A, Mousali AA, Kafami V. Effect of educational program to encourage safe sexual behaviors among addicted men refered to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan, Western Iran: Applying the theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(1):1-10. [Persian]
[26]Joveyni H, Dehdari T, Gohari M. Waterpipe smoking in the male college students: an education intervention using theory of planned behavior. J Res Health. 2013;3(4):497-503. [Persian]
[27]Barati M, Allahverdipour H, Moeini B, Farhadinasab A, Mahjoub H. Evaluation of theory of planned behavior-based education in prevention of MDMA (ecstasy) use among university students. Tabriz Med J. 2011;33(3):20-9. [Persian]
[28]Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Processes. 1991;50(2):179-211.
[29]Chabrol H, Mabila J, Chauchard E, Mantoulan R, Rousseau A. [Contributions of parental and social influences to cannabis use in a non-clinical sample of adolescents]. Encephale. 2008;34(1):8-16. [French]
[30]Bahraini-Boroujeni M, Ghaedamini Haroni G, Saedzadeh H, Sepehri-Borujeni K. Examination of the four effectiveness methods of preventive from drug abuse on changing attitude towards drug abuse in the high schools boys. J Shahrekord Uuniv Med Sci. 2014;16(2):43-51. [Persian]
[31]Huang CM, Chien LY, Cheng CF, Guo JL. Integrating Life Skills Into a Theory‐Based Drug‐Use Prevention Program: Effectiveness Among Junior High Students in Taiwan. J Sch Health. 2012;82(7):328-35.
[32]Badr HE, Moody PM. Self-efficacy: a predictor for smoking cessation contemplators in Kuwaiti adults. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):273-7.
[33]Karofsky PS, Zeng L, Kosorok MR. Relationship between adolescent–parental communication and initiation of first intercourse by adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2001;28(1):41-5.
[34]Heidarnia A, Barati M, Niknami S, Allahverdipour H, Bashirian S. Effect of a web-based educational program on prevention of tobacco smoking among male adolescents: an application of Prototype Willingness Model. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(1):1-11. [Persian]