@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(4):251-256
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(4):251-256
Effect of Local Heat on Pain Intensity of Heel-Blood Sampling in Term Newborns
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
GHobadi Mohebi R. (1)Baloochi Baidikhti T. (*)
Basiri Moghadam M. (2)
Delshad Noghabi A. (3)
(*) “Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center” and “Internal Sergical Department Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(1) “Student Research Committee” and “Nursing Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(2) “Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center” and “Pediatric Department Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(3) “Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center” and “Community Health Department Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty”, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Internal Sergical Department Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Asian Roadside Border, Gonabad, IranPhone: +98 (56) 32726266
Fax: -
tbaloochi@gmail.com
Article History
Received: April 5, 2016Accepted: July 3, 2017
ePublished: September 28, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Newborns are more sensitive to pain than adults and are more
susceptible to the long-term complications of pain. So, it is necessary to use
procedures for reducing pain in newborns. The aim of this study was to
determine the effect of local heat on the pain intensity of heel-blood sampling in
the term newborns.
Materials & Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, in 2012, 63 healthy 3 to 5-day newborns who were referred to Shahid Delkhah Health Center in Ferdows were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (21 people in each group): test (heat), placebo (sound) and control. The pain intensity of newborns before, during and after heel-blood sampling was evaluated. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software and chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and ANOVA with repeated observations.
Findings The mean pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different before intervention (p=0.86), but the mean pain intensity was lower in the test group than in the other two groups (p=0.006). After heel-blood sampling, the mean pain intensity was the least in the test group and was the most in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion Local heat during and after heel blood sampling decreases pain intensity in the term newborns.
Materials & Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, in 2012, 63 healthy 3 to 5-day newborns who were referred to Shahid Delkhah Health Center in Ferdows were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (21 people in each group): test (heat), placebo (sound) and control. The pain intensity of newborns before, during and after heel-blood sampling was evaluated. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.5 software and chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and ANOVA with repeated observations.
Findings The mean pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different before intervention (p=0.86), but the mean pain intensity was lower in the test group than in the other two groups (p=0.006). After heel-blood sampling, the mean pain intensity was the least in the test group and was the most in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion Local heat during and after heel blood sampling decreases pain intensity in the term newborns.
CITATION LINKS
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[9]Anand KJ, Coskun V, Thrivikraman KV, Nemeroff CB, Plotsky PM. Long-termbehavioral effects of repetitive pain in neonatal rat pups. Physiol Behav. 1999;66(4):627–37.
[10]Mohammadpour A, Mohammadian B, Basiri Moghadam M, Nematollahi MR.The effects of topical heat therapy on chest pain in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical tria. J clin Nurs. 2014;23(23-24): 3460-7.
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[12]Razaghi N, Givari A, Tatapoor P, Hoseini AF. Comparing the Effect of two methods of distraction and touch on intensity of pain related to venipuncture in 5-10 years old children. Iran J Nurs. 2012;25(77):50-9. [Persian]
[13]Folk LA. Guide to capillary heelstick blood sampling in infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2007; 7(4):171-8.
[14]Ballardini G, Spruzzola A, Boneschi L, Visentin R, Boscardini L, Barbaglia M, et al. To reduce the pain of heel prick in the newborn: comparison of six types of lancets. Pediatr Med Chir. 2012;34(4):182-5.
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[16]Dilli D, Küçük IG, Dallar Y. Interventions to reduce pain during vaccination in infancy. J Pediatr. 2009;154(3):385-90.
[17]Boroumandfar Kh, Khodaei F, Abdeyazdan Z, Maroufi M. Comparison of vaccination-related pain in infants who receive vapocoolant spray and breastfeeding during injection. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2013;18(1):33-7. [Persian]
[18]Gray L, Lang CW, Porges S. Warmth is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pain. 2012;153(5): 960–6.
[19]Herrington CJ, Chiodo LM. Human touch effectively and safely reduces pain in the newborn intensive care unit. J Pain Manage Nurs. 2014;15(1):107-15.
[20]Asadi Noghabi F, Kashanian Z, Sajedi F,Rahgozar M, Yousefi H. The Effect of Skin-to-skin Contact on The Pain Intensity of Intramuscular Injection in Newborns. Horizon Med Sci. 2011;16(4):5-11. [Persian]
[21]Castral TC, Warnock F, Leite A, Haas VJ, Scochi CG. The effects of skin to skin contact during acute pain in preterm new born. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(4):464-71.
[22]Zhu J, Hong-Gu H, Zhou X, Wei H, Gao Y, Ye B, et al. Pain relief effect of breast feeding and music therapy during heel lance for healthy-term neonates in China: A randomized controlled trial. Midwifery. 2015;31(3):365-72.
[23]Tarhani F, Momennasab M, Tarhani S. A survey: Glucose sedative effect in neonates during Venus blood sampling. Yafteh. 2004;6(2):47-51. [Persian]
[24]Gray L, Miller LW, Philipp BL, Blass EM. Breast feeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2002;109(4):590-3.
[25]Cohen LL, MacLaren JE, Fortson BL, Friedman A, DeMore M, Lim CS, et al. Randomized clinical trial of distraction for infant immunization pain. Pain. 2006;125(1-2):165-71.
[26]Maroufi M, Nikoubakht F, Alimohamadi N, Badiei Z. Comparing the effect of Listening to Melody vs. Breast-feeding on neonates’ pain intensity during Heel-blood sampling in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Anesthesiol Pain. 2015;5(3):45-54. [Persian]
[27]Whipple J. The effect of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking on state of preterm, low birthweight infants experiencing heelstick. J Music Ther. 2008;45(3):227-72.
[28]Butt ML, Kisilevsky BS. Music modulates behaviour of premature infants following heel lance. Can J Nurs Res. 2000;31(4):17-39.
[2]Wong D. Wong Children's Nursing. Arzomaniyans S, Shoghi M, translators. Tehran: Jame Negar Publishing; 2015. [Persian]
[3]Verklan MT, Walden M. Core curriculum for neonatal intensive care nursing. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders Publishing; 2009.
[4]Marín Gabriel MÁ, Del Rey Hurtado de Mendoza B, Jiménez Figueroa L, Medina V, Iglesias Fernández B, Vázquez Rodríguez M, et al. Analgesia with breastfeeding in addition to skin-to-skin contact during heel prick. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98(6):F499-503.
[5]Gardner S, Carter B, Enzman-Hines M, Hernandez J. Merenstein & gardner's handbook of neonatal intensive care. 7th edition. Missouri: Mosby Publishing; 2011.
[6]Asadi Noghabi F, Soudagar S, Nazari O. Knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses regarding pain assessment and measurement, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Med J Hormozgan Univ. 2012;16(5):403-13. [Persian]
[7]Campbell-Yeo ML, Johnston CC, Joseph KS, Feeley NL, Chambers CT, Barrington KJ. Co-bedding as a Comfort measure For Twins undergoing painful procedures (CComForT Trial). BMC Pediatr. 2009;9:76.
[8]Stevens B, Yamada J, Lee GY, Ohlsson A. Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;31(1): CD001069.
[9]Anand KJ, Coskun V, Thrivikraman KV, Nemeroff CB, Plotsky PM. Long-termbehavioral effects of repetitive pain in neonatal rat pups. Physiol Behav. 1999;66(4):627–37.
[10]Mohammadpour A, Mohammadian B, Basiri Moghadam M, Nematollahi MR.The effects of topical heat therapy on chest pain in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical tria. J clin Nurs. 2014;23(23-24): 3460-7.
[11]Sparks L. Taking the "ouch" out of injections for children. Using distraction to decrease pain. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2001;26(2):72-8.
[12]Razaghi N, Givari A, Tatapoor P, Hoseini AF. Comparing the Effect of two methods of distraction and touch on intensity of pain related to venipuncture in 5-10 years old children. Iran J Nurs. 2012;25(77):50-9. [Persian]
[13]Folk LA. Guide to capillary heelstick blood sampling in infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2007; 7(4):171-8.
[14]Ballardini G, Spruzzola A, Boneschi L, Visentin R, Boscardini L, Barbaglia M, et al. To reduce the pain of heel prick in the newborn: comparison of six types of lancets. Pediatr Med Chir. 2012;34(4):182-5.
[15]Delavari A, Yarahmadi SH, Mahdavi A, Norozi A, Dini M. Kardan and Congenital hypothyroidism. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publishing; 2005. [Persian]
[16]Dilli D, Küçük IG, Dallar Y. Interventions to reduce pain during vaccination in infancy. J Pediatr. 2009;154(3):385-90.
[17]Boroumandfar Kh, Khodaei F, Abdeyazdan Z, Maroufi M. Comparison of vaccination-related pain in infants who receive vapocoolant spray and breastfeeding during injection. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2013;18(1):33-7. [Persian]
[18]Gray L, Lang CW, Porges S. Warmth is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pain. 2012;153(5): 960–6.
[19]Herrington CJ, Chiodo LM. Human touch effectively and safely reduces pain in the newborn intensive care unit. J Pain Manage Nurs. 2014;15(1):107-15.
[20]Asadi Noghabi F, Kashanian Z, Sajedi F,Rahgozar M, Yousefi H. The Effect of Skin-to-skin Contact on The Pain Intensity of Intramuscular Injection in Newborns. Horizon Med Sci. 2011;16(4):5-11. [Persian]
[21]Castral TC, Warnock F, Leite A, Haas VJ, Scochi CG. The effects of skin to skin contact during acute pain in preterm new born. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(4):464-71.
[22]Zhu J, Hong-Gu H, Zhou X, Wei H, Gao Y, Ye B, et al. Pain relief effect of breast feeding and music therapy during heel lance for healthy-term neonates in China: A randomized controlled trial. Midwifery. 2015;31(3):365-72.
[23]Tarhani F, Momennasab M, Tarhani S. A survey: Glucose sedative effect in neonates during Venus blood sampling. Yafteh. 2004;6(2):47-51. [Persian]
[24]Gray L, Miller LW, Philipp BL, Blass EM. Breast feeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2002;109(4):590-3.
[25]Cohen LL, MacLaren JE, Fortson BL, Friedman A, DeMore M, Lim CS, et al. Randomized clinical trial of distraction for infant immunization pain. Pain. 2006;125(1-2):165-71.
[26]Maroufi M, Nikoubakht F, Alimohamadi N, Badiei Z. Comparing the effect of Listening to Melody vs. Breast-feeding on neonates’ pain intensity during Heel-blood sampling in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Anesthesiol Pain. 2015;5(3):45-54. [Persian]
[27]Whipple J. The effect of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking on state of preterm, low birthweight infants experiencing heelstick. J Music Ther. 2008;45(3):227-72.
[28]Butt ML, Kisilevsky BS. Music modulates behaviour of premature infants following heel lance. Can J Nurs Res. 2000;31(4):17-39.