@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):221-227
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):221-227
COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors and its Related Beliefs among Health Workers: The Role of Threat and Coping Appraisals
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Khazaei S. (1)Bashirian S. (2)
Jenabi E. (3)
Barati M. (*3)
Karimi-Shahanjarini A. (2)
Moeini B. (2)
Rezapur-Shahkolai F. (2)
Karami M. (4)
Khazaei M. (1)
Hashemi Z. (5)
Ataei A. (5)
Eskandari Z. (5)
Fazli Z. (5)
(1) Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan , Iran
(2) Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(3) Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(4) Modeling for Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
(5) Department of Health Education, Vice Chancellor for Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: April 8, 2020Accepted: June 20, 2020
ePublished: September 20, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Health workers are at high risk of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) and preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the incidence and deaths of this infection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors and its Related Beliefs among Health Workers of Hamadan province using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 950 health workers in Hamadan, in 2020 who were selected by multistage random sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and EPPM constructs. Data were analyzed in STATA 14 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.
Findings Behaviors of avoiding contact with others and frequent hand washing with soap and water with 97.8% and 95.3%, respectively, had the highest frequency among health personnel. The condition of EPPM constructs was evaluated at a relatively favorable level. Also, 46.0% of health personnel were involved in the risk perception process.
Conclusion It is necessary to improve the level of perceived self-efficacy of employees and also to emphasize the effectiveness of the recommended strategies in the prevention of Covid-19 disease.
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 950 health workers in Hamadan, in 2020 who were selected by multistage random sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and EPPM constructs. Data were analyzed in STATA 14 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.
Findings Behaviors of avoiding contact with others and frequent hand washing with soap and water with 97.8% and 95.3%, respectively, had the highest frequency among health personnel. The condition of EPPM constructs was evaluated at a relatively favorable level. Also, 46.0% of health personnel were involved in the risk perception process.
Conclusion It is necessary to improve the level of perceived self-efficacy of employees and also to emphasize the effectiveness of the recommended strategies in the prevention of Covid-19 disease.
CITATION LINKS
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[28]Shirahmadi S, Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi S, Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Miresmæili AF, Bayat Z, et al. Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: application of the extended parallel process model. PLOS ONE 2020;15(8):e0237490.
[29]Khiyali Z, Ghahremani L, Kaveh MH, Keshavarzi S. the effect of an educational program based on protection motivation theory on pap smear screening behavior among women referring to health centers in Fasa. J Educ Community Health. 2017;3(4):31-7. [Persian]
[30]Khosravi V, Barati M, Moeini B, Mohammadi Y. The effect of an educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on prostate cancer prevention behaviors in men 50 to 75 years old. Hayat. 2019;24(4):342-54. [Persian]
[2]Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. JAMA. 2020.
[3]Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33.
[4]Khan N, Naushad M. Effects of coronavirus on the world community. SSRN Electron J. 2020;3532001.
[5]Worldometer. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic [Internet]. USA: Worldometer; 2020 [cited 2020 June 20]. Avaliable from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ .
[6]Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9.
[7]Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
[8]Drosten C, Günther S, Preiser W, Van Der Werf S, Brodt H-R, Becker S, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(20):1967-76.
[9]The Ministry of Health and Medical Education. A report on the latest situation of the Coronavirus in Iran from denial to warning [Internet]. Tehran: TRT; 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 29]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3aw5Ump. [Persian]
[10]Qian M, Wu Q, Wu P, Hou Z, Liang Y, Cowling BJ, et al. Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey. medRxiv. 2020.
[11]Barati M, Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Zareian S, et al. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: an application of the Protection Motivation Theory. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):430-3.
[12]Shadmehr M, Ramak N, Sangani A. The role of perceived mental stress in the health of suspected cases to COVID-19. J Milit Med. 2020;22(2):115-21. [Persian]
[13]Park JE, Jung S, Kim A, Park JE. MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):574.
[14]Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9.
[15]Fathi Y, Barati M, Zandiyeh M, Bashirian S. Prediction of preventive behaviors of the needlestick injuries during surgery among operating room personnel: Application of the health belief model. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2017;8(4):232-40.
[16]Witte K, Allen M. A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implication for effective public health campaigns. Health Educ Behav. 2000;27(5):120-35.
[17]Witte K. Putting the fear into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Commun Monogr. 1992;59(4):329-49.
[18]Witte K, Cameron KA, McKeon JK, Berkowitz JM. Predicting risk behaviors: development and validation of a diagnostic scale. J Health Commun. 1996;1(4):317-42.
[19]Nga TWY, Cowling BJ, Chi So H, Ip DKM, Liao Q. Testing an integrative theory of health behavioural change for predicting seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2020;38(3):690-8.
[20]Hogan V, Lenehan M, Hogan M, Natin DP. Influenza vaccine uptake and attitudes of healthcare workers in Ireland. Occup Med. 2019;69(7):494-9.
[21]Choi JS, Yang NY. Perceived knowledge, attitude, and compliance with preventive behavior on influenza A (H1N1) by university students. Korean J Acad Adult Nurs. 2010; 22(3):250-9.
[22]Tam DK, Lee SS, Lee S. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome and the perceived avian influenza epidemic on the increased rate of influenza vaccination among nurses in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(3):256-61.
[23]Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:10.
[24]World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: surveillance and case definitions [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 Mar 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance-publications
[25]Phan LT, Maita D, Mortiz DC, Bleasdale SC, Jones RM. Environmental contact and Self-contact patterns of healthcare workers: implications for infection prevention and control. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(Suppl 3):S178-84.
[26]Rajoura OP, Roy R, Agarwal P, Kannan AT. A study of the swine flu (H1N1) epidemic among health care providers of a medical college hospital of Delhi. Indian J Community Med. 2011;36(3):187-90.
[27]Berguer R, Heller PJ. Preventing sharps injuries in the operating room. J Am Coll Surg 2004;199(3):462-7.
[28]Shirahmadi S, Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi S, Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Miresmæili AF, Bayat Z, et al. Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: application of the extended parallel process model. PLOS ONE 2020;15(8):e0237490.
[29]Khiyali Z, Ghahremani L, Kaveh MH, Keshavarzi S. the effect of an educational program based on protection motivation theory on pap smear screening behavior among women referring to health centers in Fasa. J Educ Community Health. 2017;3(4):31-7. [Persian]
[30]Khosravi V, Barati M, Moeini B, Mohammadi Y. The effect of an educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on prostate cancer prevention behaviors in men 50 to 75 years old. Hayat. 2019;24(4):342-54. [Persian]