@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):29-36
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):29-36
Effectiveness of Attachment Style and Sexual Dysfunction on Marital Commitment and Sexual Beliefs in Married Female Students of Ahvaz City: A Path Analysis
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Jazini Sh. (*)Abdollahi N. (1)
Aslani Kh. (2)
Amanellahi A. (3)
(*) Student research committe; Department of conseling, Educational& Psychology Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
(1) Department of conseling, Educational& Psychology Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
(2) Department of conseling, Educational& Psychology Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
(3) Department of conseling, Educational& Psychology Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Ahvaz, Golestan St, Golestan Blvd.Chamran shahid of Ahwaz University, College of Psychology and Educational SciencesPhone: + 09162379576
Fax: 03136674343
Shadi.jazini@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: February 6, 2018Accepted: June 26, 2018
ePublished: January 22, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Maintaining a satisfying heterosexual relationship is important to many individuals’
happiness and physical health. so the objective of present study is to examine the effectiveness
of attachment style on marital commitment and sexual beliefs based on mediating role of sexual
dysfunction in married female students of Ahvaz city.
Materials & Methods Participants in this study were in total 183 married female students of Ahvaz city, which were selected using available purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study were Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ), Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index and Female Sexual Function Index. Research design is correlation based on path analysis. Evaluation of the proposed model was carried out using path analysis method. In order to test indirect relationships, boot-strap method was used.
Findings The results showed that 6 direct paths became significant. Also, all the indirect effects of copying styles (secure and insecure) and marital commitment and sexual beliefs with mediation of sexual dysfunction became significant. In this study, significance level was α=0.05.
Conclusion Attachment style is related to marital commitment and sexual beliefs and women,s sexual dysfunction makes it worse. Those who have insecure style, unwillingly, their sexual problems will appear very soon. And these problems ruin couple,s sexual beliefs and increases the possibility of infidelity.
Materials & Methods Participants in this study were in total 183 married female students of Ahvaz city, which were selected using available purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study were Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ), Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index and Female Sexual Function Index. Research design is correlation based on path analysis. Evaluation of the proposed model was carried out using path analysis method. In order to test indirect relationships, boot-strap method was used.
Findings The results showed that 6 direct paths became significant. Also, all the indirect effects of copying styles (secure and insecure) and marital commitment and sexual beliefs with mediation of sexual dysfunction became significant. In this study, significance level was α=0.05.
Conclusion Attachment style is related to marital commitment and sexual beliefs and women,s sexual dysfunction makes it worse. Those who have insecure style, unwillingly, their sexual problems will appear very soon. And these problems ruin couple,s sexual beliefs and increases the possibility of infidelity.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Greene KH. Awareness of parental infidelity on college students’ reported commitment in romantic relationships [Dissertation]. Tallahassee FL: The Florida State University; 2006.
[3]Karimian N, Karimi Y, Bahmani B. The relationship of mental health dimensions and guilt feeling with marital commitment in married people. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2011;1(2):243-56. [Persian]
[4]Nelson JA, Kirk AM, Ane P, Serres SA. Religious and spiritual values and moral commitment in marriage: Untapped resources in couples counseling?. Couns Values. 2011;55(2):228-46.
[5]Davarniya R, Shakarami M, Zahrakar K, Mohammadi B. Predicting marital commitment on the basis of relationship maintenance behaviors and attachment styles. J Res Health. 2016;6(2):247-55.
[6]Talaizadeh F, Bakhtiyarpour S. The relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with couple mental health. J Thought Behav Clin Psychol. 2016;10(40):37-46. [Persian]
[7]French JE, Meltzer AL, Maner JK. Men’s perceived partner commitment and mate guarding: The moderating role of partner’s hormonal contraceptive use. Evol Behav Sci. 2017;11(2):173-86.
[8]Morton H, Gorzalka BB. Cognitive aspects of sexual functioning: Differences between East Asian-Canadian and Euro-Canadian women. Arch Sex Behav. 2013;42(8):1615-25.
[9]Clarke MJ, Marks AD, Lykins AD. Effect of normative masculinity on males' dysfunctional sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, and perceptions of sexual functioning. J Sex Res. 2015;52(3):327-37.
[10]Willoughby BJ, Hall SS, Luczak HP. Marital paradigms: A conceptual framework for marital attitudes, values, and beliefs. J Fam Issues. 2015;36(2):188-211.
[11]Nobre PJ, Pinto‐Gouveia J. Dysfunctional sexual beliefs as vulnerability factors to sexual dysfunction. J Sex Res. 2006;43(1):68-75.
[12]Jenaabadi H, Nazari A. The relationship between attachment styles and parenting styles of elementary students' mothers. J Psychol Stud. 2014;3(9):472-86. [Persian]
[13]Fearon RMP, Roisman GI. Attachment theory: Progress and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;15:131-6.
[14]Jiang L. Perception of and reactions to job insecurity: The buffering effect of secure attachment. Work Stress. 2017;31(3):256-75.
[15]Niolu C, Bianciardi E, Di Lorenzo G, Nicolai S, Celi M, Ribolsi M, et al. Insecure attachment style predicts low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, a pilot study. Rivista di Psichiatria. 2016;51(4):143-8.
[16]Echeverry MC, Arango A, Castro B, Raigosa G. Study of the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women 18 to 40 years of age in Medellín, Colombia. J Sex Med. 2010;7(8):2663-9.
[17]Chao JK, Lin YC, Ma MC, Lai CJ, Ku YC, Kuo WH, et al. Relationship among sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life in middle-aged and older adults. J Sex Marital Ther. 2011;37(5):386-403.
[18]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Sayed Mohammadi Y, translator. Tehran: Ravan; 2014. [Persian]
[19]Nascimento ER, Maia AC, Nardi AE, Silva AC. Sexual dysfunction in arterial hypertension women: The role of depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2015;181:96-100.
[20]Morgan HJ, Shaver PR. Attachment processes and commitment to romantic relationships. In: Adams JM, Jones WH, editors. Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability, perspectives on individual differences. Boston MA: Springer; 1999. pp. 109-24.
[21]Ho MY, Chen SX, Bond MH, Hui CM, Chan C, Friedman M. Linking adult attachment styles to relationship satisfaction in Hong Kong and the United States: The mediating role of personal and structural commitment. J Happiness Stud. 2012;13(3):565-78.
[22]Pace U, Zappulla C. Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. J Child Fam Stud. 2011;20(6):854-62.
[23]Bogaert AF, Sadava S. Adult attachment and sexual behavior. Pers Relatsh. 2002;9(2):191-204.
[24]Stackert RA, Bursik K. Why am I unsatisfied? adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personal Individ Differ. 2003;34(8):1419-29.
[25]Brassard A, Péloquin K, Dupuy E, Wright J, Shaver PR. Romantic attachment insecurity predicts sexual dissatisfaction in couples seeking marital therapy. J Sex Marital Ther. 2012;38(3):245-62.
[26]Leclerc B, Bergeron S, Brassard A, Bélanger C, Steben M, Lambert B. Attachment, sexual assertiveness, and sexual outcomes in women with provoked vestibulodynia and their partners: A mediation model. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(6):1561-72.
[27]Butzer B, Campbell L. Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples. Pers Relatsh. 2008;15(1):141-54.
[28]Stefanou C, Mc Cabe MP. Adult attachment and sexual functioning: A review of past research. J Sex Med. 2012;9(10):2499-507.
[29]Middleton LS, Kuffel SW, Heiman JR. Effects of experimentally adopted sexual schemas on vaginal response and subjective sexual arousal: A comparison between women with sexual arousal disorder and sexually healthy women. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(6):950-61.
[30]Mc Carthy BW. Sexual dysfunction. In: Hersen M. Clinical behavior therapy: Adults and children. Hersen M, editor. New York: Wiley; 2002. pp. 198-9.
[31]Nichols MP. Concurrent discriminant validity of the Kansas marital satisfaction scale. J Marriage Fam. 2005;48(2):381-7.
[32]Wakley G. Sexual dysfunction. Curr Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;15(1):38-45.
[33]Farzadi F, Faramarzi H, Shehni Yeylagh M, Ghasemi Z. The causal relationship of perceived pain with marital satisfaction through the mediation of kindness, trust, justice, empathy and forgiveness. Biannu J Woman Fam Stud. 2016;4(2):77-100. [Persian]
[34]Zarei S, Hosseingholi F. The prediction of marital commitment based on self- conscious affects (shame and guilt) and self-differentiation among married university students. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2014;4(1):113-33. [Persian]
[35]Shahsiah M, Bahrami F, Mohebbi S. On the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital commitment among couples in Shahreza city, central part of Iran. J Fundam Ment Health. 2009;11(3):233-8. [Persian]
[36]Amanollahi A, Zare M. The relationship between gender schemas and automatic thoughts and sexual function. Unpublished manuscript. 2014. [Persian]
[37]Amanollahi A, Aslani Kh, Tashakor H, Ghavabesh S, Nekooei S. Romantic attachment/love styles and marital satisfaction in women: Investigating the relationship. J Women Stud Sociol Psychol. 2012;10(3):67-86. [Persian]
[38]Furman W, Simon VA, Shaffer L, Bouchey HA. Adolescents' working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Dev. 2002;73(1):241-55.
[39]Duemmler SL, Kobak R. The development of commitment and attachment in dating relationships: Attachment security as relationship construct. J Adolesc. 2001;24(3):401-15.
[40]Tran S, Simpson JA. Prorelationship maintenance behaviors: The joint roles of attachment and commitment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009;97(4):685-98.
[41]Sprecher S. Attachment style and sexual permissiveness: The moderating role of gender. Personal Individ Differ. 2013;55(4):428-32.
[42]Cash TF, Thériault J, Annis NM. Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy and social anxiety. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23(1):89-103.
[43]Birnbaum GE. Attachment orientations, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction in a community sample of women. J Soc Pers Relatsh. 2007;24(1):21-35.
[44]Nayebi Nia A, Salari P, Sharifi N, Jabbari Nooghani H. Effect of attachment styles to parents on sexual dysfunction domains of married women. Electron Physician. 2017;9(1):3605-10.
[45]Bakouei F, Omidvar Sh, Nasiri F. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in married women and its related factors (Babol 2006). J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2007;9(4):59-64. [Persian]
[46]Timm TM, Keiley MK. The effects of differentiation of self, adult attachment, and sexual communication on sexual and marital satisfaction: A path analysis. J Sex Marital Ther. 2011;37(3):206-23.
[47]Jardin C, Venta A, Newlin E, Ibarra S, Sharp C. Secure attachment moderates the relation of sexual trauma with trauma symptoms among adolescents from an inpatient psychiatric facility. J Interpers Violence. 2017;32(10):1565-85.
[2]Greene KH. Awareness of parental infidelity on college students’ reported commitment in romantic relationships [Dissertation]. Tallahassee FL: The Florida State University; 2006.
[3]Karimian N, Karimi Y, Bahmani B. The relationship of mental health dimensions and guilt feeling with marital commitment in married people. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2011;1(2):243-56. [Persian]
[4]Nelson JA, Kirk AM, Ane P, Serres SA. Religious and spiritual values and moral commitment in marriage: Untapped resources in couples counseling?. Couns Values. 2011;55(2):228-46.
[5]Davarniya R, Shakarami M, Zahrakar K, Mohammadi B. Predicting marital commitment on the basis of relationship maintenance behaviors and attachment styles. J Res Health. 2016;6(2):247-55.
[6]Talaizadeh F, Bakhtiyarpour S. The relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with couple mental health. J Thought Behav Clin Psychol. 2016;10(40):37-46. [Persian]
[7]French JE, Meltzer AL, Maner JK. Men’s perceived partner commitment and mate guarding: The moderating role of partner’s hormonal contraceptive use. Evol Behav Sci. 2017;11(2):173-86.
[8]Morton H, Gorzalka BB. Cognitive aspects of sexual functioning: Differences between East Asian-Canadian and Euro-Canadian women. Arch Sex Behav. 2013;42(8):1615-25.
[9]Clarke MJ, Marks AD, Lykins AD. Effect of normative masculinity on males' dysfunctional sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, and perceptions of sexual functioning. J Sex Res. 2015;52(3):327-37.
[10]Willoughby BJ, Hall SS, Luczak HP. Marital paradigms: A conceptual framework for marital attitudes, values, and beliefs. J Fam Issues. 2015;36(2):188-211.
[11]Nobre PJ, Pinto‐Gouveia J. Dysfunctional sexual beliefs as vulnerability factors to sexual dysfunction. J Sex Res. 2006;43(1):68-75.
[12]Jenaabadi H, Nazari A. The relationship between attachment styles and parenting styles of elementary students' mothers. J Psychol Stud. 2014;3(9):472-86. [Persian]
[13]Fearon RMP, Roisman GI. Attachment theory: Progress and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;15:131-6.
[14]Jiang L. Perception of and reactions to job insecurity: The buffering effect of secure attachment. Work Stress. 2017;31(3):256-75.
[15]Niolu C, Bianciardi E, Di Lorenzo G, Nicolai S, Celi M, Ribolsi M, et al. Insecure attachment style predicts low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, a pilot study. Rivista di Psichiatria. 2016;51(4):143-8.
[16]Echeverry MC, Arango A, Castro B, Raigosa G. Study of the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women 18 to 40 years of age in Medellín, Colombia. J Sex Med. 2010;7(8):2663-9.
[17]Chao JK, Lin YC, Ma MC, Lai CJ, Ku YC, Kuo WH, et al. Relationship among sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life in middle-aged and older adults. J Sex Marital Ther. 2011;37(5):386-403.
[18]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Sayed Mohammadi Y, translator. Tehran: Ravan; 2014. [Persian]
[19]Nascimento ER, Maia AC, Nardi AE, Silva AC. Sexual dysfunction in arterial hypertension women: The role of depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2015;181:96-100.
[20]Morgan HJ, Shaver PR. Attachment processes and commitment to romantic relationships. In: Adams JM, Jones WH, editors. Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability, perspectives on individual differences. Boston MA: Springer; 1999. pp. 109-24.
[21]Ho MY, Chen SX, Bond MH, Hui CM, Chan C, Friedman M. Linking adult attachment styles to relationship satisfaction in Hong Kong and the United States: The mediating role of personal and structural commitment. J Happiness Stud. 2012;13(3):565-78.
[22]Pace U, Zappulla C. Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. J Child Fam Stud. 2011;20(6):854-62.
[23]Bogaert AF, Sadava S. Adult attachment and sexual behavior. Pers Relatsh. 2002;9(2):191-204.
[24]Stackert RA, Bursik K. Why am I unsatisfied? adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personal Individ Differ. 2003;34(8):1419-29.
[25]Brassard A, Péloquin K, Dupuy E, Wright J, Shaver PR. Romantic attachment insecurity predicts sexual dissatisfaction in couples seeking marital therapy. J Sex Marital Ther. 2012;38(3):245-62.
[26]Leclerc B, Bergeron S, Brassard A, Bélanger C, Steben M, Lambert B. Attachment, sexual assertiveness, and sexual outcomes in women with provoked vestibulodynia and their partners: A mediation model. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(6):1561-72.
[27]Butzer B, Campbell L. Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples. Pers Relatsh. 2008;15(1):141-54.
[28]Stefanou C, Mc Cabe MP. Adult attachment and sexual functioning: A review of past research. J Sex Med. 2012;9(10):2499-507.
[29]Middleton LS, Kuffel SW, Heiman JR. Effects of experimentally adopted sexual schemas on vaginal response and subjective sexual arousal: A comparison between women with sexual arousal disorder and sexually healthy women. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(6):950-61.
[30]Mc Carthy BW. Sexual dysfunction. In: Hersen M. Clinical behavior therapy: Adults and children. Hersen M, editor. New York: Wiley; 2002. pp. 198-9.
[31]Nichols MP. Concurrent discriminant validity of the Kansas marital satisfaction scale. J Marriage Fam. 2005;48(2):381-7.
[32]Wakley G. Sexual dysfunction. Curr Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;15(1):38-45.
[33]Farzadi F, Faramarzi H, Shehni Yeylagh M, Ghasemi Z. The causal relationship of perceived pain with marital satisfaction through the mediation of kindness, trust, justice, empathy and forgiveness. Biannu J Woman Fam Stud. 2016;4(2):77-100. [Persian]
[34]Zarei S, Hosseingholi F. The prediction of marital commitment based on self- conscious affects (shame and guilt) and self-differentiation among married university students. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2014;4(1):113-33. [Persian]
[35]Shahsiah M, Bahrami F, Mohebbi S. On the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital commitment among couples in Shahreza city, central part of Iran. J Fundam Ment Health. 2009;11(3):233-8. [Persian]
[36]Amanollahi A, Zare M. The relationship between gender schemas and automatic thoughts and sexual function. Unpublished manuscript. 2014. [Persian]
[37]Amanollahi A, Aslani Kh, Tashakor H, Ghavabesh S, Nekooei S. Romantic attachment/love styles and marital satisfaction in women: Investigating the relationship. J Women Stud Sociol Psychol. 2012;10(3):67-86. [Persian]
[38]Furman W, Simon VA, Shaffer L, Bouchey HA. Adolescents' working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Dev. 2002;73(1):241-55.
[39]Duemmler SL, Kobak R. The development of commitment and attachment in dating relationships: Attachment security as relationship construct. J Adolesc. 2001;24(3):401-15.
[40]Tran S, Simpson JA. Prorelationship maintenance behaviors: The joint roles of attachment and commitment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009;97(4):685-98.
[41]Sprecher S. Attachment style and sexual permissiveness: The moderating role of gender. Personal Individ Differ. 2013;55(4):428-32.
[42]Cash TF, Thériault J, Annis NM. Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy and social anxiety. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23(1):89-103.
[43]Birnbaum GE. Attachment orientations, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction in a community sample of women. J Soc Pers Relatsh. 2007;24(1):21-35.
[44]Nayebi Nia A, Salari P, Sharifi N, Jabbari Nooghani H. Effect of attachment styles to parents on sexual dysfunction domains of married women. Electron Physician. 2017;9(1):3605-10.
[45]Bakouei F, Omidvar Sh, Nasiri F. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in married women and its related factors (Babol 2006). J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2007;9(4):59-64. [Persian]
[46]Timm TM, Keiley MK. The effects of differentiation of self, adult attachment, and sexual communication on sexual and marital satisfaction: A path analysis. J Sex Marital Ther. 2011;37(3):206-23.
[47]Jardin C, Venta A, Newlin E, Ibarra S, Sharp C. Secure attachment moderates the relation of sexual trauma with trauma symptoms among adolescents from an inpatient psychiatric facility. J Interpers Violence. 2017;32(10):1565-85.