@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(3):163-168
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(3):163-168
Effect of Interaction of Age and Changing in Visual Experience During Critical Period of Brain Development on Expression of Melatonin Receptors in Rat’s Hippocampus
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Talaei S.A. (*)Mohammadifar M. (1)
Azami A. (2)
Salami M. (1)
(*) Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
(1) Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
(2) Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Qotb e Ravandi Blvd., Kashan, IranPhone: +983155621157
Fax: +983155621157
talaei@kaums.ac.ir
Article History
Received: February 23, 2015Accepted: May 29, 2015
ePublished: September 20, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Melatonin modulates the function of nervous system and its secretion is dependent to circadian rhythms and visual signals. The melatonin receptors are founded in many areas of the brain. During critical period of the brain development, the structure of mammals’ brain is intensely affected by peripheral sensory signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interaction of age and visual deprivation during critical period of brain development on melatonin receptors expression in rats’ hippocampus.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was carried on 2 groups (n=36) of male Wistar rats kept in standard 12 hour light/dark condition (Light Reared-LR) or in complete darkness (Dark Reared-DR). The rats of each groups, were introduced into the experiments at 2, 4 and 6 weeks old of age. Expression of mRNA of both melatonin receptors, MT1 and MT2, in the hippocampus was evaluated by RT-PCR and using Western Blot technique, protein expression of those receptors was investigated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests.
Findings The relative expression of mRNA and protein of MT1 and MT2 receptors increased about 36% in the LR animals from 2 to 6 weeks old of age (p<0.001). The visual deprivation caused a decrease of 35% and 50% in expression of MT1 and MT2 from 2 to 6 weeks old of age, respectively (p<0.001 for both comparison).
Conclusion The relative expression of both melatonin receptors in rats’ hippocampus increases across aging during critical period of brain development and visual deprivation reverses the pattern of melatonin receptors expression.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was carried on 2 groups (n=36) of male Wistar rats kept in standard 12 hour light/dark condition (Light Reared-LR) or in complete darkness (Dark Reared-DR). The rats of each groups, were introduced into the experiments at 2, 4 and 6 weeks old of age. Expression of mRNA of both melatonin receptors, MT1 and MT2, in the hippocampus was evaluated by RT-PCR and using Western Blot technique, protein expression of those receptors was investigated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests.
Findings The relative expression of mRNA and protein of MT1 and MT2 receptors increased about 36% in the LR animals from 2 to 6 weeks old of age (p<0.001). The visual deprivation caused a decrease of 35% and 50% in expression of MT1 and MT2 from 2 to 6 weeks old of age, respectively (p<0.001 for both comparison).
Conclusion The relative expression of both melatonin receptors in rats’ hippocampus increases across aging during critical period of brain development and visual deprivation reverses the pattern of melatonin receptors expression.
Keywords:
Melatonin,
Receptor, Melatonin, MT2 ,
Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 ,
Critical Period (Psychology) ,
Hippocampus,
Rats ,
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Maestroni GJM, Zisapel N, et al. Physiological effects of melatonin: Role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways. Prog Neurobiol. 2008;85(3):335-53.
[15]Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Guerrero Montávez JM, Carrascosa-Salmoral Mdel P, Naranjo Gutierrez Mdel C, Lardone PJ, de la Lastra Romero CA. Decreased MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor expression in extrapineal tissues of the rat during physiological aging. J Pineal Res. 2009;46(1):29-35.
[16]Benloucif S, Masana MI, Dubocovich ML. Responsiveness to melatonin and its receptor expression in the aging circadian clock of mice. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(6 Pt 2):R1855-60.
[17]Grivas TB, Savvidou OD. Melatonin the "light of night" in human biology and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis. 2007;2:6.
[18]Korkmaz A, Topal T, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2009;10(4):261-70.
[19]Musshoff U, Riewenherm D, Berger E, Fauteck JD, Speckmann EJ. Melatonin receptors in rat hippocampus: Molecular and functional investigations. Hippocampus. 2002;12(2):165-73.
[20]Zitouni M, Pevet P, Masson-Pevet M. Brain and pituitary melatonin receptors in male rat during post-natal and pubertal development and the effect of pinealectomy and testosterone manipulation. J Neuroendocrinol. 1996;8(8):571-7.
[21]Gauer F1, Schuster C, Poirel VJ, Pévet P, Masson-Pévet M. Cloning experiments and developmental expression of both melatonin receptor Mel1A mRNA and melatonin binding sites in the Syrian hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998;60(2):193-202.
[22]Fujieda H, Scher J, Lukita-Atmadja W, Brown GM. Gene regulation of melatonin and dopamine receptors during eye development. Neuroscience. 2003;120(2):301-7.
[2]Rozas C, Frank H, Heynen AJ, Morales B, Bear MF, Kirkwood A. Developmental inhibitory gate controls the relay of activity to the superficial layers of the visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2001;21(17):6791-801.
[3]Maya Vetencourt JF, Tiraboschi E, Spolidoro M, Castrén E, Maffei L. Serotonin triggers a transient epigenetic mechanism that reinstates adult visual cortex plasticity in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2011;33(1):49-57.
[4]Fagiolini M, Hensch TK. Inhibitory threshold for critical-period activation in primary visual cortex. Nature. 2000;404(6774):183-6.
[5]Hooks BM, Chen C. Critical periods in the visual system: Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity. Neuron. 2007;56(2):312-26.
[6]Heynen AJ, Yoon BJ, Liu CH, Chung HJ, Huganir RL, Bear MF. Molecular mechanism for loss of visual cortical responsiveness following brief monocular deprivation. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6(8):854-62.
[7]He HY, Hodos W, Quinlan EM. Visual deprivation reactivates rapid ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2006;26(11):2951-5.
[8]Baroncelli L, Sale A, Viegi A, Maya Vetencourt JF, De Pasquale R, Baldini S, et al. Experience-dependent reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex. Exp Neurol. 2010;226(1):100-9.
[9]Neves G, Cooke SF, Bliss TV. Synaptic plasticity, memory and the hippocampus: a neural network approach to causality. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9(1):65-75.
[10]Talaei SA, Salami M. Sensory experience differentially underlies developmental alterations of LTP in CA1 area and dentate gyrus. Brain Res. 2013;1537:1-8.
[11]Eckert MJ, Bilkey DK, Abraham WC. Altered plasticity in hippocampal CA1, but not dentate gyrus, following long-term environmental enrichment. J Neurophysiol. 2010;103(6):3320-9.
[12]Hardeland R, Cardinali DP, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR. Melatonin--a pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93(3):350-84.
[13]Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors: Ligands, models, oligomers, and therapeutic potential. J Med Chem. 2014;57(8):3161-85.
[14]Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Maestroni GJM, Zisapel N, et al. Physiological effects of melatonin: Role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways. Prog Neurobiol. 2008;85(3):335-53.
[15]Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Guerrero Montávez JM, Carrascosa-Salmoral Mdel P, Naranjo Gutierrez Mdel C, Lardone PJ, de la Lastra Romero CA. Decreased MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor expression in extrapineal tissues of the rat during physiological aging. J Pineal Res. 2009;46(1):29-35.
[16]Benloucif S, Masana MI, Dubocovich ML. Responsiveness to melatonin and its receptor expression in the aging circadian clock of mice. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(6 Pt 2):R1855-60.
[17]Grivas TB, Savvidou OD. Melatonin the "light of night" in human biology and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis. 2007;2:6.
[18]Korkmaz A, Topal T, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2009;10(4):261-70.
[19]Musshoff U, Riewenherm D, Berger E, Fauteck JD, Speckmann EJ. Melatonin receptors in rat hippocampus: Molecular and functional investigations. Hippocampus. 2002;12(2):165-73.
[20]Zitouni M, Pevet P, Masson-Pevet M. Brain and pituitary melatonin receptors in male rat during post-natal and pubertal development and the effect of pinealectomy and testosterone manipulation. J Neuroendocrinol. 1996;8(8):571-7.
[21]Gauer F1, Schuster C, Poirel VJ, Pévet P, Masson-Pévet M. Cloning experiments and developmental expression of both melatonin receptor Mel1A mRNA and melatonin binding sites in the Syrian hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998;60(2):193-202.
[22]Fujieda H, Scher J, Lukita-Atmadja W, Brown GM. Gene regulation of melatonin and dopamine receptors during eye development. Neuroscience. 2003;120(2):301-7.