ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Afariny   Y (1)
Hosseini   SE (*)






(*) Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, , Iran

Correspondence

Address: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Phone: +98 (917) 1183917
Fax: +98 (71) 43311148
ebrahim.hossini@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  October  22, 2017
Accepted:  May 2, 2018
ePublished:  May 16, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


Addiction is a repetitive mental disorder, and despite the awareness of patient about its side effects, he uses the drug without the intention [1].

... [2, 3]. In a study by Bahman Akbari (2010), there was a positive and significant relationship between high-functioning depression and positive attitude towards addiction, so that high levels of depression can increase the tendency towards addiction [4]. Depression and emotional control play a major role in the development of addiction, which has involved many active people in various societies around the world [5]. Substance addicts are those with low self-confidence, anxiety, restlessness and depression [6]. Psychodrama is one of the group therapies used to treat chronic diseases and is considered as a combination of psychotherapy, social skills, and psychological problems, in which the members are not playing roles and the screenplay is impromptu. In psychodrama, no text is read and basically, the members play their own private world [7]. It has been shown that 12 sessions of psychodrama training for male students can significantly reduce their aggression [8] [...] [8-24].

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on depression in rehabilitators.

The present study is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design.

A semi-experimental study was conducted in spring 2017 on rehabilitators in Shiraz.

Samples were selected through purposeful sampling from those who referred to the Radiotherapy Center in Shiraz. 60 subjects who passed a successful detoxification about two months before study supervised by a neurologist and they did not take any medication were selected. Of these, 30 subjects who achieved the highest score in Beck Depression Inventory and presented informed consent were selected and divided into the experimental and control groups. 15 samples in the experimental group received 12 sessions of psychodrama therapy for 6 weeks and two 2-hour sessions per week and the control group received no treatment.

In this study, the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure depression. Validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been investigated and proved through different years [24]. In this study, each session of psychodrama consisted of three stages: warm-up, the action, and the post-discussion. The director's performance in this study was based on four roles, including analyst, producer, therapist and leader of the group. The protagonist, who presents his concern in the group, is selected at the beginning by the director or voluntarily. The audience also participated in this study. Doubling, role reversal, mirroring, soliloquy and self-actualization were the used techniques in the psychodrama sessions. Moreover, according to the characteristics of the members and the group, communication skill, showing emotions verbally and non-verbally, and the recognition and control of feelings were practiced. Psychodrama was performed in 12 sessions and the control and experiment groups were re-tested. The depression and its cognitive, emotional and physical symptoms data for both groups was analyzed using SPSS-20 software and the covariance analysis method in the pre-test and post-test phases.

In the pre-test, the mean score of depression and its emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms in the experimental group decreased from 30.67, 13, 12.67 and 5 to 16.62, 6.60, 7.67 and 2.40 in the post-test, respectively. However, in the control group, the mean score of depression and its emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms in the pretest changed from 27.93, 11.40, 10.40 and 6.13 to 28.47, 11.73, 10.67 and 6.07 in the post-test, respectively. In addition, F value and degrees of freedom 1 and 2 for the depression and its emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms in the post-test obtained 1.65, 1.08, 1.28, 0.47, 1, and 28, respectively, so the Levene's test was not significant for depression and its components. Therefore, due to lack of significance, the variances were equal and the reliability of the next results confirmed. Regarding the F value and the significance level of the MANCOVA factors, it was found that there was a significant difference in the linear combination of variables according to the groups. The effect size (Eta-square) showed that psychodrama-based treatment had an impact on the level of depression in the rehabilitators and the statistical power obtained 1. The results of emotional symptoms in the post-test was significant according to the groups (F=64.93, D=1, P≤0.001). Therefore, the effect size of independent variable (psychodrama) obtained 0.72, so psychodrama decreased the emotional symptoms of depression in rehabilitators. Post test results of cognitive symptoms were significant according to the groups (F=65.13, D=1, P≤0.001). Therefore, the effect size of independent variable (psychodrama) obtained 0.72, so psychodrama reduced the cognitive symptoms of depression in rehabilitators. In addition, the results of post-test for physical symptoms of depression were significant according to the groups (F=68.01, D=1, P≤0.001). The effect size of independent variable (psychodrama) obtained 0.73, so psychodrama decreased physical symptoms of depression in rehabilitators. The results of post-test for depression were significant according to the groups (F=94.35, F=1.00, P≤0.001). Therefore, according to the effect size (0.79) of independent variable (psychodrama), psychodrama reduced depression in rehabilitators (Table 1).

Depression is characterized by the symptoms, such as helplessness, an obstacle to withdraw addiction and using existing coping abilities. However, the results of some studies have shown that treatment of mood disorders along with addiction may reduce its reuse and relapse [25, 26]. It has been shown that psychodrama reduces depression and prevents relapse in opiate-dependent men [27]. In line with the results of this study, another study showed that the use of psychodrama reduces depression in patients [28]. In Rezaianpour et al. (1996) study, it was also shown that the effect of psychodrama on the reduction of depression was greater than the effect of psychiatric therapies alone or in combination with other therapies [29]. Another study also showed that similar to group therapy, psychodrama was also useful in preventing relapse of addiction in men [30]. .... [31]. It is possible that psychodrama, which is based on conversation, improved depression and its physical, emotional and cognitive symptoms by controlling negative emotions and perception of the emotions and feelings. Accordingly, it can be effective in preventing relapse of addiction in opiate-dependent addict who experienced addition quit. It has been shown that the psychodrama training increases self-esteem and happiness [32]. ... [33-39].

Due to the therapeutic efficacy of psychodrama, introducing this method is highly recommended.

Unawareness of many patients about the effect of psychodrama was led to unwillingness of patients to participate in the study, which can be considered as on one the limitations of this study.

The psychodrama is effective in reducing the level of depression and emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms of depression in rehabilitators.

The authors are thankful to the research deputy of the Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, for their cooperation in this study.

None declared.

None declared.

This research was funded by the research deputy of Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.

TABLES and CHARTS

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