ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Dastgozar   M. (1)
Emami Pour   S. (*)






(*) Department of Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Department of Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Phone: -
Fax: -
emamipursd@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  September  11, 2018
Accepted:  January 13, 2019
ePublished:  March 19, 2019

BRIEF TEXT


From the very beginning, man has always sought to achieve prosperity. Today, with the increase in the index of longevity and life expectancy, a more important issue has been raised about how life lasts and in other words the quality of life. .... [1].

.. [2-5]. In recent years, finding the factors that increase the quality of life has been one of the most important subjects in the study, and psychologists have noticed that individuals need to devote their rational energy to the positive aspects of their experience [6]. Psychological well-being is an integral process of mental illness that embraces a concept of happiness and includes a concept of optimistic growth. In the Ryff model, well-being means the effort to transcend and promote that manifests itself in realizing the talents and abilities of the individual. In this regard, models have been presented that look positively from the perspective of the person. The Ryff model is one of the most important models of psychological well-being. Ryff et al. consider model of psychological well-being as trying to grow and develop in order to realize the potential ability of a person [7]. ... [8-12]. Quality of life is related to the coordination of interpersonal relationships, comfortable life, mental and physical health, overcoming constraints and achieving control and reducing pain and suffering with psychological well-being [13]. On the other hand, the higher the level of satisfaction with life in people, the person is prone to experience emotions and positive emotions. Therefore, well-being as well as high life satisfaction will make people experience more positive emotions and ultimately lead to an increase in quality of life [14].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of psychological well-being and its relationship with quality of life among staff members of the Department of Health, Nursing, and Treatment of Police Force.

This research is descriptive-correlational.

This research was conducted among staff members of Behdad Naja (police force) Deputy in Tehran, who were working in the years 2016-2017.

The sample size was estimated by employing factor analysis with 300 people. The sample was multi-stage random cluster sampling. In this way, by referring to the deputy of Behdad, a list of all staff was prepared and at first 20 administrative departments and 20 general and specialized clinics were selected. Then, from units of these 40 locations, at first 16 units, then 12 units and finally 8 units were selected randomly and all employees were asked to cooperate in completing the questionnaire.

The psychological well-being and quality of life questionnaires were completed by the selected staff. Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire: This scale of 84 questions was first developed by Reef [9], which has six factors of autonomy, environmental domination, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purposefulness in life, and self-acceptance. This test is answered in the 6-point Likert Scale from "Totally disagree" (1 point) to "Totally Agree" (6 points). 44 questions are scored directly and 40 are scored in reverse order [15]. This scale was initially run on a sample of 321 people and the coefficient of coordination between the scales ranged from 0.86 to 0.93 and the test-retest reliability coefficient after 6 weeks was 117 in the sample of 0.81-0.86 [16]. In Iran, Bayati et al. [16], tested the reliability of this scale and internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The results for the reliability coefficient using test-retest method was 0.82 and the reliability of the subscales of self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, autonomy, dominance over environment, purposeful life and personal growth were 0.71, 0.77, 0.78, 0.70, 0.77 and 0.78 respectively. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) was first implemented in 1991. The goal of this project was to create an international and non-culturally relevant tool for assessing the quality of life of individuals. This questionnaire assesses individuals' perceptions of value and cultural systems as well as their personal goals, standards and concerns. The short form of the questionnaire consists of 26 items which are derived from the 100-item versian of this questionnaire. The questionnaire measures 4 broad areas of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and the environment. The items of the questionnaire are also evaluated on a scale of 5 options. A higher score indicates a better quality of life. Questions 3, 4, and 25 are scored in reverse order. In the results reported by the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Organizations group, which has been conducted in 15 international organizations of this organization, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient has been reported between 0.73 and 0.89 for the whole scale, and in Iran, Nasiri used three methods for the reliability of the scale including three-week test-retest, split-half and alpha-Cronbach the test, and the reliability was reported as 0.67, 0.87 and 0.84 respectively [17]. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis were used in SPSS 19 software.

Mean of quality of life was 31.84 ± 5.40. The highest mean of psychological well-being was related to anxiety and sense of belonging (70.94 ± 19.81) and the lowest mean of psychological well-being was related to satisfaction (9.47 ± 5.15). All psychological well-being factors had a positive and significant correlation with quality of life (p = 0.01; Table 1).

Pearson correlation results showed that the factors of psychological well-being has positive correlation with quality of life and this correlation is moderate to strong. This research is consistent with several findings [18-21]. ... [22-27]. Also, based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the correlation coefficient of all psychological well-being questions was higher than 0.3 and based on this formula, the reliability was equal to 0.96. The figure of 0.96 indicates that the set of this questionnaire is sufficiently reliable and it is possible to calculate the validity of the research on the constructs of the questionnaire surveyed and the results obtained in all tables based on the questionnaire was separately from 0.80 to 0.97 which has a significant validity. This research is consistent with several findings [6]. The results showed that among the factors of psychological well-being, autonomy, purposefulness, personal growth and positive relationships with others affect the quality of life. The explanation of the autonomy factor shows that the high level of autonomy causes independence and its low level leads to the perception of excessive self-perception. Therefore, high-performance people have a high level of internal evaluation and evaluate themselves according to a set of their own standards, not according to the standards that others specify [9]. Cane and Zuckerman [28] state that high levels of autonomy has positive correlation with high self-esteem and with higher satisfaction of life quality, and this people experience less fatigue than others. ... [29].

It is suggested that quality of life be considered as indicators of psychological well-being that predict a high proportion of quality of life. It is also proposed to repeat this research in other cities with subcultures and minorities in the Iranian society, as well as groups other than the staff of the Deputy of Health, Nursing and Treatment of NAJA (Police Force) in order to generalize the results.

The present study, like other studies, had some limitations. One of the limitations of this study was the lack of control of the socio-economic status of the participants. The present study was carried out only in Tehran and at the Department of Health, Nursing and Treatment of NAJA, and so the generalizations should be cautious.

Increasing the psychological well-being of staff at the Department of Health, Nursing, and Treatment of NAJA (Police Force) is effective in improving their quality of life.

The staff of the Deputy of Health, Nursing and Treatment of NAJA and the Behdad Research Center are sincerely appreciated for their cooperation in the implementation of this project.

Non-declared

All the participating staff were assured that their information was confidential and would be only used in the current research.

The financial support of this research has been provided by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

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