ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Miryousefi   S.J. (*)
Rahimi   Y. (1)






(*) Physical Education Department, Literature & Humanities Faculty, University of Vali-e-Asr, Rafsanjan, Iran
(1) Education District No. One, Kerman, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Literature Faculty, University of Vali-e-Asr, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan, Iran. Post Box: 518
Phone: +98 (34) 31312068
Fax: +98 (34) 31312068
s.j.miryousefi@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  February  4, 2017
Accepted:  April 17, 2017
ePublished:  July 27, 2017

BRIEF TEXT


Exercise as a social phenomenon and institution plays a decisive role in attracting cultural values and maintaining the physical and mental health of humans [1].

… [2-11]. There are few information and research resources that directly examine the relationship between sport participation, social capital, and its dimensions or components (social support, social security, and social participation) in veterans and disabled people. In this regard, the researches by Sobhani et al. [12], Poor Soltani [13], Omarphayasi et al. [14], and Hesslington [15] can be mentioned. … [16-26].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sport participation and social capital of veterans and disabled people in Kerman.

This is a descriptive-correlational research.

This study was conducted in 2016 among adult male and female veterans and handicapped (age 25-55 years old) in Kerman, that according to the statistics of Kerman province were 300 people.

The required sample size was calculated 170 using Morgan and Krejcy tables. Therefore, 92 veterans and 78 disabled people in the city of Kerman were selected by convenience sampling method and were studied.

The instrument used was a demographic information collection form (including age, sex, occupation, and educational level) and a researcher-made questionnaire on sport participation and social capital of veterans and disabled according to the theory of social capital theorists. The mentioned questionnaire was measured the variable of participation rate of veterans and disabled in sport activities in the first section. To measure this, a five-section question, with the elements such as sport field, number of sessions per week, the duration of each session, the way of participation, and the level of exercise were used. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of 32 questions of social capital components (including social participation with 15 questions, social support with 12 questions, and social security with 5 questions). All of these questions were evaluated on the five-degree Likert scale from “very low” to “very high”. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and it was approved by 10 sports management professors. Also, its reliability was confirmed by internal consistency of tool with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78. Statistical analysis: After collecting data, the data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. First, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of data. Then, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between social capital and its components with sport participation.

The mean age of participants was 35.45±5.57 years. 23.5% of the subjects were female and 76.5% were male. 78.8% of the participants had an educational level above diploma. 32.4% of the subjects had governmental jobs. The investigation of sport participation of the participants showed that 52.9% and 47.1% of the participants had participation level at provincial and national level respectively. Also, mean sport participation among the veterans and disabled in Kerman city was 266.09±261.83 minutes per week. There was a positive and meaningful correlation between sport participation and social participation as well as between social participation and social capital in veterans and disabled (p>0.05; Table 1).

Disable people attend a wide range of social activities and sports completion for communicating with others, participating in collective work, and recognizing their identity [27]. This finding is in agreement with the results of the Eslami Marzankalate et al. [2], Parsamehr and Torkan [28], Lindestorm et al. [29] and Wendel-Wausil et al. [30], because in all these researches, it has been pointed out that the reduction in activity of physical activity in leisure can reduce the social participation of men and women. … [31-37]. Studies also show that engaging in sport activities can bring about social capital. Individuals outside of sport activities are losing valuable social, educational and even professional growth opportunities [38]. Also, Symbolic Interaction Theory in Sports that expresses the role of this network of relationships in acquiring the component of social capital and consequently, social capital itself, emphasizes this relation. This finding is consistent with the findings of Kiani et al. [9], Rahmani Firoozjah et al. [39], and Shareh pour and Hosseini Rad [40].

It is suggested that relevant authorities do their best to remove barriers and limitations for the greater participation of veterans and disabled by providing effective social context, reforming the rules and regulation, using advertising tools for informing, culture-building, and developing appropriate policies.

One of the research constrains was that the research sample was devoted exclusively to veterans and disabled people in the city of Kerman that these results cannot be generalized to the target community and require more extensive research. Also, the relationship between sport participation and social capital was not determined separately in both athletic and non-athletic groups.

The sport participation of veterans and disabled people in Kerman have a direct and positive relationship with their social capital i.e. with the increase in sports participation of veterans and disabled people, their social capital also increases.

It is necessary to appreciate and thank all veterans and disabled, the staff of the Department of Physical Education, as well as the Sport Departments of Veterans and Disabled People in the city of Kerman for their cooperation in this study.

Non-declared

Absence of name and personal information in the questionnaire, confidentiality of the individuals’ information, as well as the presence of the researcher for collecting information were ethical points of this research.

The financial sources of this study has been provided by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

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