ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Shafiei   M. (1)
Basharpoor   S. (2)
Heidarirad   H. (*)






(*) Psychology, Educational Sciences & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
(1) Psychology, Literature & Humanities, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
(2) Psychology, Educational Sciences & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil, Iran
Phone: +98 (83) 43226702
Fax: +98 (83) 43226702
hadeesheidarirad@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  January  31, 2017
Accepted:  March 12, 2018
ePublished:  July 27, 2017

BRIEF TEXT


Psychiatric syndrome and abnormal injury-related behaviors were identified for the first time in World War II soldiers in confronting war events [1].

… [2-18]. Bakhshai et al. in their study found that there was a correlation between negative emotions, avoidance, cognitive concerns, lack of acceptance and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among those affected [19]. … [20-24].

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of affective and emotional nature in predicting the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in people who had exposed to mine explosion leading to organ defects.

This study is descriptive-correlational.

This study was conducted in 2016 among 100 people who were under support of Foundation of Martyrs in Gilan-e-Gharb City due to their organ defects caused by mine explosion.

Due to the limited size of community, the total population of 100 people was studied.

Research instruments were a structural clinical interview, The Mississippi Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, and the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) [25]. 1- Structural Clinical Interview: A structured clinical interview was conducted based on DSM-5 criteria in order to investigate the validity and confirmation of post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis [4]. 2- The Mississippi Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale: This scale has been evolved by Kane et al. in 1988. This test is a self-report scale used to assess the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The scale has 35 items that are categorized in groups: re-experience, abandonment and numbness, arousal and self-harm. Subjects respond to these items with a five-degree scale (False, rarely true, sometimes right, very correct, and perfectly correct) that these options are scored respectively with grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The total range of a person's score is from 35 to 175. Score 107 and above indicates the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the fact that there is a cutoff score for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, the authors emphasize that this scale is not a diagnostic scale. This scale is highly valid and it has a good correlation with other instruments for measuring post-traumatic stress disorder [26]. This scale has been validated by Goodarzi in 2003 in Iran and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been reported 0.92 [27]. 3- The Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT): This scale has been developed by Lara et al. in 2012 with the goal of integrating emotional and affective essences in the form of a model. The 52 questions of this scale measure the emotional temperament that includes 6 elements: will, anger, inhibition, sensitivity, confront and control on a seven-point Likert scale, and 12 questions, also, measure 12 affective nature elements including: depressed, anxious, indifferent, malice, quirky, obsessive, natural mood, high creative, irritable, not inhibited, and seductive in five-point Likert scale. 3 questions also provide general information about the person's emotional and affective nature. Lara et al. obtained the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the six emotional elements and the dimension of inhibition in the range between 0.87 to 0.90 and 0.75 respectively [11]. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales of this test for the subjects in the current study were 0.95 for will, 0.86 for anger, 0.80 for inhibition, 0.88 for sensitivity, and 0.94 for the control. After selecting the samples and explaining the research objectives, they were requested to individually answer to the demographic questionnaire (gender, age, marital status, educational level, employment status and family income), Mississippi scale of post-traumatic stress disorder, and The Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale which were self-report questionnaires and with the presence of the researcher. Statistical analysis The collected data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 20 software.

100 individuals participated in the study with the mean age of 45.49±10.16 years. 16, 11, 46, 23, and 4 participants had the education of primary school, junior high school, high school, and Bachelor degree, and master degree respectively. 15, 25 and 60 of participants were employed, self-employed and unemployed respectively. Signs of post-traumatic stress disorder had a positive and meaningful relationship with the affective components of depressed, anxious, indifferent, malice, distressing, quirky, obsessive, irritable, inhibited and seductive. Also, the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder had positive and meaningful relationship with the emotional components of anger and sensitivity and negative correlation with the emotional component of will (Table 1). Table 1) Mean Scores of affective-emotional temperament components and their correlation coefficients with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans exposed to mine explosion resulted in organ defects (number=100) *p<0.05; ** P<0.01 The affective components of the quirky temperament in the first step, inhibition in the second step, depressed in the third step, and anxious in the fourth step predicted 29%, 13%, 5% and 4% of the variance in the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder respectively. Also, the emotional component of will could negatively predict 12% of variance of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and the component of sensitivity could predict 20% of variance of symptoms of posttraumatic disorder in the second step. These variables, totally, could explain 32% of variance in the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.05).

The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder have positive and meaningful correlation with affective temperament components of depressed, anxious, indifferent, malice, quirky, obsessive, irritable, inhibited, and happy. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies [14, 17, 19]. … [28-30].

It is suggested that the targeted therapies be designed to address the emotional and affective dysregulation of people with PTSD and provide training for adjusting the emotion, cognition and behavior of these individuals to reduce the severity of symptoms so that these people can eventually achieve a normal and natural temperament.

In this study, due to the limited population size, a smaller number of samples were considered which limited the generalizability of the findings

Emotional and affective temperament can contribute to response to traumatic events and the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in people who have faced with mine blast leading to organ defect.

We sincerely thank the cooperation of the Foundation of Maryters in Gilan-e-Gharb City and the participating veterans who helped us in conducting this study

Non-declared

Assuring the confidentiality of information and psychological preparation of individuals for the research were the ethical points of this study

The financial source of this research was provided by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file


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