@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2538-4384    Geographical Researches 2021;36(1):55-62

Background
The rise in international emigration and the marriage of the emigrants with the hosts may cause various impacts on the life quality of rural people.
Previous Studies
Illegal Afghan emigrants in Iran made a cultural, social, and economic imbalance in Iran. Their long time stays in Iran and their marital relationships through getting married to Iranian girls have caused various social and economic problems [Anbari & Jamshidiha, 2010]. Akhlaghi et al. (2016) and Burbor (2014) studied the emotional problems of emigrants in Iran. They believe Afghan emigrants failed to meet the host community's exceptions and it seems to be impossible to change the situation. Keshavarz Ghasemi & Naderpour (2018) in their study in Ghazvin concluded that there is a big social gap between Afghans and their host community. Poorahmad et al. (2014) assessed the urban life quality of Afghan emigrants living in Iran in Robat Karim and showed their life quality is lower than the medium level. International emigration has various consequences in the host country such the economic impacts including the fall in job opportunities and the minimum wage, the rise in residents' tax, governmental costs, and houses price [ANbari & Jamshidiha, 2010; Mahmoudian, 2007] and social impacts including increasing crime rate, the cultural collision between locals and emigrants, social conflicts, social-cultural between two countries, and formation of ethnic minorities in the host country [Moinabadi, 2009; Shaterian & Ganjipour, 2010].
Aim(s)
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the marriage of Afghan men with Iranian women on social and economic dimensions of life quality in rural areas of Jiroft.
Research type
This is an empirical study done using a comparative analytical-descriptive methodology.
Research society, place and time
The current research is carried out on 403 households in four villages in Jiroft (Band Saraji, Daryache, Chah Afghan, and Kenar Sandal) in 2017.
Sampling method and number
According to the Cochran formula, the sample should include197 households selected randomly.
Used devices&materials
A questionnaire was used to collect needed data and SPSS 21 and ArcGIS 10 were used for the analysis.
Findings by Text
124 people of the participants were men (62.9%), 40% of them were between 41-50 years old. 48.8% of the participants were illiterate (illiterates were more Iranian-Afghan couples). 38.8% of the participants' families head were workers (more Iranian-Afghan couples), 33.7% were farmers (more Iranian couples), 3.1% shopkeepers, and the remainder are jobless (more Iranian couples). 52% of the families' heads earn less than 20 million Rials per month. The index of unity was the highest in families with an Iranian person with an average of 3.48. Among the indices of life quality of Iranian-Afghan families, access to a Police station in case of emergency has the biggest average, with an average of 3. Table 2 shows the average, standard deviation, and coefficient of changes of social dimensions of life quality of Iranian couples and Iranian-Afghan couples.Table 3 shows the indices of economic dimensions of life quality of Iranian couples and Iranian-Afghan couples. The economic and social quality of Iranian couples is significantly different from Iranian-Afghan couples (p<0.0001). Kenar Sandal, Daryache, Band Saraji and Chah Afghan have social-economic averages of 3.24, 2.96, 2.31, and 2.20, respectively. The overall social-economic life quality of the Iranian families (3.11) is in better condition in comparison to the Iranian-Afghan families (2.20). According to the results of Table 4, economic variables were dropped from the final model. Social indices were the most influential indices with 0.353 in the Iranian-Afghan couples' lives.
Main comparison to the similar studies
Social and personal values are among the most important factors influencing life quality. According to the current study, illegal Afghan emigrants' communities in Iran who married Iranian women have lowered the level of social indicators of rural life quality. This fact is also approved by Keshavarz Ghasemi & Naderpour (2018), Poorahmad et al. (2016), Hatami Nejad et al. (2016), Mirlotfi & Jahantigh (2014), and Ng et al. (2015). Azlora et al. (2020) and Williams et al. (2015) stresses the effect of economic indicators on emigrants' life quality.
Suggestions
According to the findings of the current study, some suggestions can be proposed to improve the life quality: - Preparation of an information bank to be used in time of social events such as marriage - Raise women's awareness of the social and economic consequences of marriage with emigrants - Monitoring the marriage of Iranians with emigrants and providing supportive laws for Iranian women - Preparing educational-cultural services and improvement of social supports
Limitations
There is no limitation reported.
Conclusions
Marriages in traditional rural areas are mainly within the family and tribe. Then, the marriage of Iranians to Afghan emigrants shows various problems in rural families. Such marriages not only do not lead to stable family life but also declines life quality level. Rural development policymakers should take it into consideration.
Acknowledgments
We tend to thank all experts, academics, and rural people in the studied villages for their help in doing the current research.
Conflict of interest
None.
Ethical Permissions
None.
Funding Sources
This study is extracted from the author's master thesis "the impact of Iranian-Afghan marriages in life quality of rural people under the supervision of Dr.Mirlotfi in Jiroft in Zabol University.

TABLES and CHARTS

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