ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Bazoolnejad   M. (1)
Robatmili   S. (*)






(*) Psychology Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Facualty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Facualty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahdia Hesarak Blvd, Daneshgah Square, End of Shahid Sattari Highway, Tehran, Iran
Phone: +98 (21) 44865216
Fax: -
somayemili@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  July  18, 2017
Accepted:  November 21, 2017
ePublished:  April 10, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


... [1, 2]. In the pathology of the family, one of the factors causing harm to the family structure is the disability of a family member. Disability can be caused by events such as the war that sometimes affects the active, senior, and caring part of the family, that is, the father, and the children have new problems with the effect of this problem [3].

... [4]. There are many factors that protect the family from mental harm. Among these factors, the attitudes of individuals towards issues, religious beliefs, psychological hardiness, social support, economic well-being and demographic characteristics can be pointed out. Poor relationship of child with parents explain the risky child sexual behavior [5]. One of the effective and predictive factors in establishing friendships of boys and girls before and after marriage is the family [6]. ... [7, 8]. The results of Potard et al. [9] have shown that ambivalent attachment style is more associated with the sexual orientation compared to secure attachment style, and motherly avoidance attachment style is associated with lack of emotional investment in sexual orientation. The avoidant attachment style to the father seems to affect the decision-making process, especially for girls. The findings of Maximo and Carranza research [10] have shown that people who have secure attachment and receive love language are highly flexible. This is while we need the most secure flexibility and attachment from our fathers, and we expect the emphatic words and the physical touch from the mothers. Boys need to have time with their father and get a physical touch from their mothers, and girls enjoy time with their mothers and they have secure attachment with the mother and they receive the emphatic words from their father. ... [11-18]. In Iranian society, many youth relationships with the opposite sex is done secretly due to the religious, legal and customary prohibitions, even if they are aimed at marriage; as a result, the harm caused by the family's ignorance, as well as the psychological damage, resulted from the disconnection of one-way communication or ignorance of the risks of unprotected sexual relationship is spontaneously increasing [19]. ... [20, 21].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between perception of parents and its components with attachment style and tendency toward communication with the opposite sex in the veteran`s daughters.

This applied research is descriptive-correlational.

This research was conducted among the veterans' daughters in Tehran in 2017.

By voluntary sampling, 77 veterans` daughters were selected from the list of Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs. For estimating the sample size, the formula for determining the amount of quantitative data and the assumption of two domains was used [22].

Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) [23-25], Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) [26, 27] and Tendency to Opposite Sex Questionnaire [19, 28] were used as research tools. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software, using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normal distribution of data and Pearson correlation test for correlations between variables.

The mean age of subjects was 24.85 ± 4.31 years, and the minimum age was 21 years and the maximum age was 30 years. 43 (55.8%) had bachelor's degree and 34 (44.2%) had master degrees. Parental perception (r = 0.80), components of attempts to attachment (r = 0.87), emotional relationship (r = 0.91) had a positive correlation with tendency to communicate with the opposite sex. The components of indifference (r=-0.90) and encouragement for independence (r = -0.84) had negative correlation with tendency towards the opposite sex. Also, the correlation between attachment style and parental perception (r = -0.85), components of attempts for attachment (r = -0.92), and emotional relation (r = -0.93) was negative, and attachment style had positive correlation with components of indifference (= 0.92) r) and encouraging to independence (r = 0.89). Attachment style and tendency toward opposite sex (r = -0.92) had a negative correlation (p <0.01, Table 1).

The results of this study showed that there is a correlation between the perception of parents and its components with attachment style and tendency to communicate with the opposite sex, which is consistent with the findings of previous research [9-18, 29-32]. To explain the above findings, it can be said that according to Bowlby's theory, man is born with a psycho-biological system called the attachment behavior system. The goal of this system in the child is to achieve a sense of safety and real or perceived protection from close and intimate engagement with attachment images. ... According to the Bowlby`s attachment theory, girls develop their internal functioning models based on their initial experiences with their parents. Girls who experience insensitivity and rejection by their father may develop a picture of relationships that are characterized by insecurity and uncertainty. Attached, unsafe girls are likely to have lack of self-confidence and confidence to others which endanger their relationships with others [34]. ... [35-37].Regarding the correlation between emotional relationship and the desire to communicate with the opposite sex, it should be said that various evidence has shown that the relationships of individuals with parents in childhood predict the quality of their intimate relationships in adulthood [38].

Given the experience of data collection and analysis of results, more reliable data will be obtained if these types of topics are accompanied by complementary techniques, i.e. deep unstructured interviews and behavioral observations. Due to the limited range of factors, it is suggested that in subsequent research, attention be paid to personality factors, family education and demographic factors (socioeconomic status) in order to better assess the factors reducing and increasing the perception of the relationship between the veterans and their children. This issue has not yet been evaluated in Iran (with the exception of several small researches in recent years), and it is necessary to study this field, filling this vacuum and opening up the way for this knowledge to the future. It is suggested that the specialized research resources in Farsi in this field be further developed and provided to the students. Also, the research should be conducted on a wide range of educational levels and age groups, taking into account the gender factor, in order to determine the reliability of the research with more certainty.

Among the limitations of this research, the use of self-report tool can be mentioned, and given that the question of private relationships is often difficult, it is likely that the responses of the participants are not as valid and are accompanied by a bias and do not exactly reflect their true characteristics. The problem of access to the children of veterans and the lack of cooperation of some respondents and relevant organs and centers were another research constraints. The limitation of the statistical society to girls and the lack of examination of boys was another research constraint that make it impossible to generalize the results of the research to the general population. Other constraints were the problem of access to needed resources and the lack of research findings, especially in the group of veterans' children.

Parental perception has a negative correlation with attachment styles and it has positive correlation with the desire to communicate with the opposite sex.

Thanks and gratitude to all the veterans` children and all the people who participated in the research.

Non-declared

All participants were assured about the confidentiality of information.

The financial budget of this research has been provided by the authors.

TABLES and CHARTS

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