@2024 Afarand., IRAN

---

ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(2):146-152

Background
Drug use is one of the major problems and concerns of the world today, and its unpleasant outcomes are considered as the most harmful social damages [1].
Previous Studies
... [2, 3]. Spiritual intelligence and wisdom have specially considered in the mental health [4]. ... [5-7]. According to the Noble, spiritual intelligence also has an adaptive function to directly provide a framework for finding meaning and understanding the meaning of negative experiences, such as disease, emotional shock, and injury. Development of wisdom as a protective factor can be considered as another preventive effort for adolescents and young people [4]. ... [9-13]. The results of the study by Ardelt [14] show that there is a significant relationship between wisdom and general health, and the psychological development and integration of the individual as wisdom, plays an important role in determining the well-being of the individual. ... [15-17]. It is often believed that wise people are psychologically healthy, have a unified and growing personality, and can cope with life's concerns [18]. ... [19-20].
Aim(s)
This study has aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and wisdom with the tendency to substance use among college student.
Research type
This research is a descriptive-correlational study.
Research society, place and time
The present study was conducted in 2015-2016 on students of Shahid Madani University in Azerbaijan.
Sampling method and number
361 students out of 5,442 students were selected based on Krejcie & Morgan sampling table using multi-stage cluster sampling.
Used devices&materials
Out of seven colleges, five colleges were selected and from each college, two classes were selected and questionnaires distributed among students. The following tools were used to collect data: 1) Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report scale, 2) Three- Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), 3) tendency to substance use questionnaire.
Findings by Text
The samples included 201 boys and 160 girls aged 18 to 35 years old. The mean age of studied boys and girls was 21.67±1.42 and 21.37±2.87 years. There was a significant and negative correlation between all predictive variables (spiritual intelligence and wisdom) with criterion variable (tendency to drug use) (p <0.01; Table 1). The proposed model was good-fitting model (p<0.05; Table 2). According to the Table 2, the presented model indicated an acceptable fit. There was a reverse significant relationship between wisdom and tendency toward drug use (t=-2.03 and λ=-0.41). The model is presented in figure 1.
Main comparison to the similar studies
.... [21-23]. The results of this study showed that there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual intelligence and tendency toward drug use and spiritual intelligence could predict the changes in drug use tendency. These findings are in line with the results of studies by Afshar et al. [24], Ahghar [25], Mousavi & Moghadam [26], Mazandarani [27], and Moradi et al. [28]. There was a reverse significant relationship between wisdom and tendency toward drug use. This finding is in line with the findings of Perry et al. [19], who examined the effect of wisdom on drug abuse and other behavioral problems in adolescents. Felker [4] research also showed that there is a negative correlation between wisdom and alcohol consumption and its related problems in the treated students. DiGangi et al. [20] in their survey showed that women with substance use withdrawal had higher grades in wisdom and were more confident in their ability to maintain recovery and avoid alcohol. Consistent relevant findings indicate that wisdom is a strong factor in predicting drug use tendency and is considered as an important structure in maintaining the recovery from drug use. It can be explained that wisdom is regarded as a valuable personality characteristic and as knowledge, is associated with awareness and communication with the individual, environment, and others. It includes a kind of intelligence based on individual experiences [29]. ... [30-32].
Suggestions
Performing this study on other groups of society with different age range is suggested to determine the role of intelligence and wisdom in the tendency toward drug use.
Limitations
This study was a quantitative research using self-report method and no other methods, such as interviews were used, which can be considered as the limitations of this research.
Conclusions
As regards spiritual intelligence and wisdom are negatively related with the tendency to substance use, it is concluded that the strengthening of spiritual intelligence and wisdom of individuals leads to reduce their substance use.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to the students who participated as subjects in this study. The financial and spiritual supports of the Research and Training Office of Iran Drug Control Headquarters as well as the Secretariat of Azerbaijani Council for Drug Policy Coordination Office are appreciated.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Ethical Permissions
None declared.
Funding Sources
None declared.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file