ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Mirzaei   A. (1)
Soleimapour   Z. (1)
Jalilian   M. (1)
Abedzadeh Zavareh   M.S. (*1)






(*1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Address: Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh Boulevard, Ilam, Iran.
Phone: +98 (84) 32227103
Fax: +98 (84) 32227103
msabed348@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  July  30, 2019
Accepted:  December 9, 2019
ePublished:  March 18, 2020

BRIEF TEXT


Anger is a severe emotional response to deprivation and stimulation characterized by increased automatic arousal and altered central nervous system activity [1].

... [2, 3]. Anger and aggression can sometimes be used interchangeably. However, anger is seen as emotion and aggression as behavior. In fact, aggression is a behavior to hurt (physical or verbal) others or yourself [4]. Uncontrolled anger provides aggressive behaviors and, consequently, endangers the well-being and health of individuals [5, 6]. Adolescence is a critical age, at which major changes take place in all aspects of one's physical, emotional, psychological and social development. Various emotions, including anger, have important effects on different aspects of adolescent’s health and can interfere with social, family, interpersonal communication, including communication with peers and students in the school environment and even have a negative impact on students' cognitive, educational, and learning activities [5, 7, 8]. At school, anger leads to disruptions in behaviors in the classroom, peer rejection [11], academic failure, escape from school, and ultimately committing crime [12, 13].

The purpose of this study was to determine the anger status of Ilam female students in the first year of high school.

This research was is a cross-sectional descriptive study.

This study was conducted from May and June 2017 on Ilam female students in the first year of high school.

The sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and considering the population size of 3700 students, 95% confidence factor, error (d) of 0.05, and p = q 0.5 and 313 female students in the first year of high school were selected through multistage random sampling. Therefore, 5 schools out of the 17 public high schools of Ilam were randomly selected from 5 different districts of Ilam and one class from each of the first, second and third grades was randomly selected and studied.

Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) by Spielberger. The validity and reliability of the STAXI-2 have been evaluated and validated in the Iranian population. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for state anger, trait anger and anger expression were reported as 0.88, 0.85 and 0.71, respectively [14]. Completing the questionnaire takes about 2 to 5 minutes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation and Kendall's correlation tests, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

313 female students in the first grade of high school in Ilam city with a mean age of 13.51 ± 1.02 years participated in the study, of whom 38.0% were first grade students.Also, the number of family members in 36.1% of the subjects was 4 persons and 46.2% of them were first-born children. The mean scores of trait anger (p = 0.001) and state anger (p = 0.001) by educational level and the mean of general anger expression scores (p = 0.032) by father’s occupation were statistically significant; as the mean scores of trait anger and state anger in first grade high school students were significantly lower than those in second and third grade. Also, the mean score of general anger expression was significantly higher in students whose fathers were unemployed or manual workers (Table 1). General anger expression had a positive and significant correlation with trait anger and state anger (p <0.01; Table 2).

The results showed that according to the father’s job, the general anger expression was significantly different among the subjects; the mean score of general anger expression in students whose fathers were unemployed or manual workers was significantly higher than the mean score of general anger expression in students who had an employee fathers or fathers with non-governmental jobs. In a study comparing the mental health of children with employed and unemployed parents, Azizi concluded that unemployment of fathers can lead to many consequences in the long-term period, including depression, anxiety and aggression among female children [15]. The results also showed that the mean score of trait anger was significantly lower in the first grade students than the second and third grade students. The results of this study are in contrast to the results of Tarshizi & Saadatjoo. They examined the prevalence of aggression and its related factors among high school students in Birjand and concluded that there was no difference between students' academic grades and their average aggression score. The results of the Asghari Moghaddam & Hakimi Rad study also showed that anger decreases with aging, which is not in line with the results of this study. ... [18, 20].

Psychological interventions are necessary to manage and control the students' anger.

The data collection was done through a self-reported method that is associated with some limitations and the results cannot be generalized to the studies using other research tools.

The general expression of anger and trait anger in the students studied was at a moderate level, and parents' education and occupation are among the factors that influence their anger.

Thanks to all study participants, as well as respected school officials and staff.

None.

The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code IR.MEDILAM.REC.1395.87).

None.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file


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