ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Mahmoodi   ُS. (*1)
Jangchi Kashani   S. (2)
Nikbakht   M. (3)






(*1) Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
(2) Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture , Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Teh-ran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, kilometers 6 of Rasht-Tehran Road, Guilan Province, Iran. Postal Code: 4199613776.
Phone: +98 (13) 33690274
Fax: +98 (13) 33690280
smahmoodi@guilan.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  July  5, 2020
Accepted:  July 23, 2020
ePublished:  October 1, 2020

BRIEF TEXT


According to institutional development, the process of development varies from one region to the other one. This attitude has proposed new concepts in local and regional development.

The institutions are among the most essential elements of social organizations and economic development. In other words, the institutions play an important role in the improvement of economic development [Acemoglu & Robinson, 2010], local governing [Ostrum, 1990], and human culture transformations [Tabellini, 2008]. Non-native institutes and entities might not be well adapted to the local community preferences [Kamei, 2020]. Then, spatial development levels such as urban, rural, local, and regional levels have been considerably influenced by the institutional attitude [Faraji Rad & Kazemian, 2013]. Lack of enough access to non-governmental networks and organizations curtails the rural disadvantaged potential to resist the problems [Barua et al., 2014; Islam & Walkerden, 2015]. Shamsoddini & Jamini (2016) evaluated the influence of the institutions responsible for rural accommodations development on various indicators of rural development in Javanrood. The results showed that such institutions had the most influence on physical-infrastructural and life quality indicators. Kazemian et al. (2012) evaluated the relationship between institutional capacity and regional sustainable development. The results show that proper laws and legislations, institutions homogeneity, institutional abilities, learning, and knowledge are, respectively, the most influential factors on sustainable development.

This study aimed to analyze the structural factors affecting the institutional development of rural areas of Bouin Zahra and Avaj counties.

This is an analytical-structural survey.

The current research is carried out in Bouin Zahra and Avaj counties in 2018-2019. The research society includes both experts in this field and rural households.

Using the stratified sampling method, 18 villages out of 190 were chosen and the determined statistical population was 378 people according to Cochran.

The questionnaire was used for data collection in this research.

Structural equations modeling using local people / rural people attitude: In structural equations modeling all indicators of the model's fitness were accepted and were reliable and precise enough (Table 5). According to the positive route coefficient, there is a positive and directional relationship. Then, it is expected that by improvements in the indicators related to the satisfaction of the institutions in rural areas, awareness of the institutions' duties and structure, institutional trust, social solidarity, social networks, human and environmental capacities, institutional capacities and incentives, and institutional development will accelerate (Table 6 & 7). Institutional development in the villages: The population, distance from urban areas, institutional function, rural people cooperation, social solidarity and social networks are influential in institutional development. Satisfaction with the available institutions in the village, awareness of the institutions' structure, institutions' duties, institutional trust, social solidarity, human capacity, social networks, incentives, and institutions' capacity were of great importance in rural areas (Figure 2 & 3). Institutional development is equal to the subtraction of the village population and its distance from the nearest city. Then the eastern villages in the studied area enjoy more development going farther from the capital toward the west the subtraction gets bigger (Figure 4). Accordingly, the villages can be classified into three categories including 22.2% (four villages) in good condition, 33.4% (6 villages) in almost good conditions, and 44.4% (8 villages) in very good condition (Table 8).

Ahmed (2020), Clark et al. (2007), and Lawndes (2001) believe that new institutionalism not only seeks the impact of the institutions on behavior but also the interaction between actors (individual and collective) and institutions. The results are consistent with the result of the current research about the effect of social networks in rural institutional development. Alam et al. (2018) mention that the governments and NGOs can improve families' livelihood by supporting agriculture which shows the importance of institutional development in rural economic development. Shaner & Maznevski (2011), Kadushin (2002), and Inglehart & Baker (2000) believe that key aspects of institutional development are reliability and stability of the governing systems and inter-community trust, which is consistent with the results of the current research. The current research approves the results of Gibbs et al. (2008), Heslop (2006), and Lobao et al. (2009). They all mentioned the role of institutional capacity in institutionalism.

There is no suggestion reported

There is no limitation reported.

Capacity building in rural areas is essential for the institutional development in various physical, human, and institutional dimensions such as access to proper physical infrastructures, provision of the proper training for rural people, rural women's empowerment, improve the abilities, institutional knowledge, and proper legal orders. Moreover, more interaction between rural people and both formal and informal institutions inside and outside the village improves the social network and gains rural people's trust by providing incentives to overcome human and natural disasters. Considering the institutional development in such condition of the compatibility between development low and high levels, rural areas' sustainability will be guaranteed.

We tend to thank the faculty members, and experts who evaluated the indices used in this research.

None.

None.

This article is carried out on the personal expense of the author.

TABLES and CHARTS

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