ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Safayi delouyi   Z. (1 )
Valadkhani   Z. (* )
Sohrabi   M. (2 )






(* ) Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Microbiology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
(2 ) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Street, Tehran, Iran
Phone: +982164112267
Fax: +982166968855
valad.zarrin@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  July  8, 2014
Accepted:  November 8, 2014
ePublished:  February 19, 2015

BRIEF TEXT


… [1-8] Molecular methods based on PCR are used to diagnose Trichomoniasis with high sensitivity and characteristics [9]. P270 primer is one of the primers can be used in PCR method. … [10-12]

There is no utilization of P270 primer in Iran till the present time. P270 is an immunogenic protein reported from all studied isolations [13]. There are many studies on Trichmonas vaginalis. Regarding its prevalence in Iran, more studies should be done on the effective factors on treatment and pathogenicity of the parasite. … [14-25]

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in the referents to Women Clinics of Tehran, using PCR method.

This is a descriptive-analytic study.

Women referred to Loghman and Shoorideh Women Clinics in Tehran (Iran) during 2013-14 were studied.

Sampling was done through random method. The sample size was estimated 137 persons, using Cochran formula. 140 persons were studied.

Sampling was done on the clients referred the clinics due to women’s disorders or for Pap Smear Test. Pregnant women, patients who used topical medication in the 48 hours leading to the study, and women in their menstruation were excluded. Women’s demographic information was collected, using a questionnaire. Culture media containing the patients’ samples were kept in a 37°C incubator for 7 days and were observed by an inverted microscope [5]. In order to extract parasite DNA, DNGTM Plus solution (Gen Cinna; Iran) was used and vortex was done and isopropanol was added and centrifuged. There were 2 times washing with ethanol. The samples were tested by PCR method, using paired primers of P270 gene with the forward and reverse nucleotide sequences as “ACAAGGAAATGATCAACCAGAATCAAA” and “CTTGAGATTTCTTGCAAAACACAAAGT”, respectively. 30μl PCR reactions were done. Of PCR production of each sample, 3μl were electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gel wells containing KBC power load (Cinna Clon; Iran). During each experiment, positive control, negative control, and indicator were placed by the samples. After the required time for the samples movements, gel was studied and photographed by a gel-duct device. Data was analyzed, using SPSS 11 software and One-sample T test. Sensitivity was determined through “dividing real positive value by the sum of false negative and real positive values multiplied by 100” formula. Characteristics were determined through “dividing real negative value by the sum of false positive and real negative values multiplied by 100” formula. Positive predictive value of the study was computed through “dividing real positive value by the sum of false and real positive values” formula. Negative predictive value was computed through “dividing real negative value by the sum of real and false negative values” formula.

By clinical investigations by a physician, 46 patients were suspected of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, of whom only in 11 persons (7.8%) the vaginal samples were confirmed through PCR method respecting positive control. Its positive and negative predicative values were 23% and 57%, respectively. Sensitivity and characteristics of PCR method were computed 54% and 100%, respectively. In patients with reported positive urine samples, samples of vaginal discharges were confirmed as positive. The formed band in all samples weighted 327Kbase (Fig. 1). The most prevalent symptoms in patients with Trichomoniasis were itching and discharge (4 cases). The highest contamination was between 20 and 29 years old persons (7 cases). 34 persons (24.2%), 85 persons (60.7%), and 21 persons (15%) were illiterate, under diploma or diploma holder, and with higher than diploma degree, respectively. Illiterate persons (54%), under diploma persons (36%), and persons with academic educations (9%) were with the highest to the lowest contamination, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the husband’s job and Trichomonas vaginalis parasite contamination. The heist contamination (45.4%) was in the women whose husbands were drivers, and after that, the higher levels of contamination were in women whose husbands were workers (27.2%) and self-employed (18.1%), respectively. The lowest contamination (9%) was in the women whose husbands were employees. There was no significant correlation between the method for preventing pregnancy and Trichomonalis vaginalis parasite contamination. The highest contamination (45.4%) was in persons using a natural method.  

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis parasite contamination among different Iranian groups has been reported between 0.5% and 30% [26, 27]. There was 7.8% contamination with Trichomoniasis. The result is consistent with other studies. The highest contamination was of 21-29years age range, including 63.6% of the patients. … [28-33] The highest contamination has been reported in ages with high sexual activities [34, 35]. The highest contamination was among the illiterate persons. The result is consistent with the results from Hamedan, Tehran, and Sirjan (Iran) [18, 28, 34]. Most of the participants had used natural method to prevent pregnancy, while persons who had used condoms were with the lowest Trichomonas contamination. The results are consistent with other studies [34, 35]. The highest contamination was among women whose husbands were drivers. There is a significant correlation between husband’s job and Trichomonas vaginalis contamination, and there is the highest prevalence in women whose husbands are workers [28]. There was a significant correlation between contamination and irritation, itching, and discharge. There is a significant correlation between contamination and irritation, itching, and vaginal discharge increase [28, 34]. … [36]

Samples of vaginal discharge of women with vaginitis symptoms referred to Women Clinics should be studied via PCR method or preparation of wet smear.

Lack of cooperation of some participants in urine sampling and no acquaintance with the amount of natural discharge during one menstruation cycle were of the limitation for the study.

As a complementary or replaced method to diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis parasite, new molecular methods based on PCR are offered.

Research Deputy and Parasitology Department of Pasteur Institute, Women Clinics in Loghman and Shoorideh Hospitals, and all the participants are appreciated.

Non-declared

Since they are not intervention studies, the prevalence studies need not to be registered.

Research Deputy of Pasteur Institute of Iran funded the study.

TABLES and CHARTS

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