ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Naeim   M. (1)
Rezaei Sharif   A. (2)
Moghadam   S.A. (*)






(*) Department of Psychology, Humanities Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
(1) Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
(2) Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Ardabil, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Humanities Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Basij Square, Ardabil, Iran. Postal code: 5615731567
Phone: -
Fax: -
moghadam.sahar65@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  February  25, 2018
Accepted:  June 2, 2018
ePublished:  June 29, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


Police forces are among the staffs exposed to multiple stressor factors [1]. One of the most popular antisocial behaviors throughout the world is violence and aggression among 15 to 44 years old individuals [2]. … [3-7]. Uncontrolled aggressive behavior may create interpersonal problems, crime and violating others’ rights, can be suppressed and lead into physical and mental problems [8]. … [9-13]. Some theorists believe that a child place in the family has much impact of his/her personality characteristics that influences directly on their behavior [14].

Scholars consider a warm and intimate environment in the family and kindly relationship between parents and children as factor to reduce children’s aggression [10]. In 1874 Galtton suggested that prominent scientists mostly are the first child of their family [11]. Adler argues that first child losses his/her desirable status when the next child is born; so he/she is forced to fight for his/her right and develop a conservative and opposing to changes in the adulthood and always imagines others will rise up against him/her [13]. To study the correlation between birth order and children’s tendency to express aggression it is assumed that second child (middle) exhibit the more aggressive tendencies than first, last and single child [14]. First children in the family have the sense of presidency and administrator morale and are conscientious, responsible, purposeful and supportive of norms [15]. Middle children are more follower and calm and exhibit a good resistance against problems and last children have more tendencies to sympathy, are more desirable and resilient toward elder siblings and seek to solve problems [16]. … [17-24]. In Britain the relation between birth order and the number of crimes or sexual condemnations and aggressive behavior has been investigated in a sample of 113 people. In this research, no relation has been found between birth order (sister or brother) and aggressive crimes whether in rape or in the aggressive group violations [25]. Mohamadi et al. in a study titled the role of birth order in the aggression level of athlete students in team and individual fields concluded that in the verbal aggression rate there is a significant difference between different birth orders in the individual fields athletes but for the team fields athletes, this difference isn’t significant [26]. In a study title birth order as a risk factor for behavioral problems, it has been found that the relation between children’s problematic behavior and birth order is seen more in the first child than second and so on [27]. Despite of a lot of studies regarding examination of birth order with other variables and proving their impact on the many of variables, there studies that don’t consider birth order as influential in the personality features of individuals [28].

The results of this study can be used to advance objectives of Police forces and creating mental health and reducing the most tension in different sections. This research was conducted by the aim of examining effect of birth order on the aggression level of police forces.

This study is descriptive-correlation.

This study was performed on all police staff of Ardebil, Iran, in 2016-17.

Using random cluster sampling method and based on Cochran formula, 120 employees were selected as sample.

To gather data the Aggression Questionnaire was used. Higher score from this questionnaire indicates more aggression [29-30]. Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained for total aggression 0.84, physical aggression 0.78, verbal aggression 0.73, anger 0.82 and hostility 0.79. After choosing sample population the questionnaire was distributed. From all participants the conscious written consent to participate in the research was taken and they were ensured from the secrecy of their information and how results of the study will be published without mentioning their names. In order to examine the relation between birth order and aggression rate of police employees the one-way variance analysis test (ANOVA) was used by SPSS 20 software.

The obtained demographic data indicated that 38 of the statistical samples constituted first children of family (31.66%), 35 were second child (29.16%) and 47 were third child and so on (39.16%). The results of the one-way variance analysis showed that there wasn’t significant in the total aggression level, physical, verbal aggression and sub-scales of anger and hostility in the different birth orders (p>0.05, table 1).

Results showed that there wasn’t a significant difference between birth order and aggression level. These findings are aligned with research [31] and inconsistent with research [32]. In a study on the study gender relation and birth order with adolescents’ aggressive behavior it has been found that men have more aggression than women and last children of every family are more aggressive than first child [32]. This study also is consistent with research [33]. Birth order itself plays a certain role in the increase or reduction of behavioral problems and also some other factors such as family size, age, child’s physical health etc. may be related to birth and is influential in determining behavioral problems of children [34].

It is suggested that a similar studies is conducted in the cities and different statistical population until the obtained results is compared with the result of this study and increase the results generalizability. Also longitudinal studies is performed in this regard until we be able to argue more clear concerning the relation between birth order and many variables including aggression. It is better in the future studies the police staff is compared with other organs employees in terms of birth order and aggression.

Among the limitations of the study can refer to little cooperation of some staff and their exiting from the random sample, lack of generalizability to other communities, not allocating needed time to complete questionnaires due to job involvement of employees and also answering to a little number of questions in some questionnaires and consequently exiting from the random samples.

There is no relation between birth order of police staff with their aggression and features like anger and hostility.

Hereby we thank from all employees of police and police offices of Ardebil province because of their valuable cooperation to perform this investigation.

Hereby, the author makes clear that there is no interest conflict in the present research.

From all participants a conscious written consent to participate in this research was taken.

There wasn’t an external financial resource.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file


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