@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2008-2630    Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(2):75-84

Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans leads to dysfunction of family members and children's symptoms, including low self-esteem and disorders similar to the injured parent [1].
Previous Studies
Lack of fatherly authority has adverse effects on the family as well as subsequent destructive effects, such as anger in children. ...[2]. Experience of tragic events for people during war cause significant problems not only for the individual but also for veterans' families [3]. Adolescence is a stressful period and plays a significant role in shaping a person's personality and future [4]. …[5-7]. As anger increases, social participation and attending age-appropriate activities decreases. …[8-12]. Researchers indicated that supportive factors, such as psychosocial factors, which directly affect limiting or reducing aggression, could reduce anger. …[13-16]. Resilience means being able to succeed, live and grow in difficult situations (despite the risk factors) [17]. …[8]. Children whose fathers are injured feel less healthy than other groups. ...[19]. Experts emphasize the variety of resilience skills and anger control training to reduces depression [20].
Aim(s)
This study aimed to investigate and recognize anger control training in resilience, happiness, and general health of adolescent boys in veteran families.
Research type
This is a quasi-experimental study.
Research society, place and time
This study was carried out among veterans' student sons in the second high school of the Shahed school in Kerman in 2018 by a pre-test and post-test design with a control group.
Sampling method and number
According to the statistics of the Kerman Education Organization, most of the children of veterans study at the Shahed School in Kerman. Therefore, this school was selected by the convenience sampling method. Thirty people were selected using a simple random sampling method (based on the minimum sample size in experimental studies) [21]. Inclusion criteria include not receiving similar intervention programs, regular attendance at training sessions, and no mental or physical disorders. Exclusion criteria included unwillingness to continue the research and not to attend more than three training programs.
Used devices&materials
Data collection in the pre-test and post-test stages was conducted using state-trait anger expression inventory 2 (STAXI-2) to measure anger and its expressed, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (C-DRS) for measure resilience, the Patterson Happiness inventory to measure happiness, and the General Health Questionnaire. …[22-27]. To conduct this research, a license was received from the Kerman Education Organization. After referring to the control school, the pre-test was performed on the veterans' student sons, whose names were prepared by the Shahed school (n=122). Out of 95 questionnaires, 30 questionnaires with high scores in the anger test were selected and were randomly divided into the case (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The intervention of anger control training was presented in 12 sessions in one and a half months in the case group. The sessions were held in 45 minutes, two days a week. The protocol of the anger control training has been developed by Lachman [13]. Control group participants did not receive any training. The post-doc stage was implemented one month later. An anger control-training program was implemented for the control group to the observance of ethical standards of research.Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software in case and control groups at descriptive and inferential levels. The mean scores and variation range were calculated at the descriptive Level, and covariance analysis was used at the inferential Level.
Findings by Text
Demographic information of students included age, the field of study, and educational level (Table 2). The mean of the variables and components were different in the case group without presenting anger control training (Table 3). The mean anger index in the case group decreased from 57.2±4.69 units to 43.71±4.15 units. The mean of the variables and components were not different in the control group without presenting anger control training. The control group's anger index increased from 55.59±6.78 to 56.01±5.37, which showed no change in the anger index in the control group. The covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the effect of anger training on students' resilience, happiness, and general health and compare the pre-test and post-test of the two groups. The assumptions of the normal distribution of scores, homogeneity of variance, homogeneity of regression slopes, pre-test performance, and standard pre-test correlations were investigated to perform this analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of resilience score, happiness, and general health after anger control training (the scores of the resilience variable: F(1:29)=22.85 & p=0.0001; happiness variable: F(1:29)=12.39 & p=0.002; general health variable: F(1:29)=33.08 & p=0.0001 was greater than F(1:20)=4.18). In other words, the mean scores of resilience, happiness, and general health of the students in the case group improved after anger control training. The anger control training led to effectiveness on students' resilience, happiness, and general health. The effect size in the resilience, happiness, and general health variables are %60, %41, and %65, respectively. In other words, the anger-training variable explained 60% of the variance of the resilience variable, 41% of the variance of the happiness variable, and 65% of the variance of the general health.
Main comparison to the similar studies
…[28]. The results show the effectiveness of anger control training on resilience. The mean difference of the case group in the resilience scale is -15.44, and the mean difference of resilience in the control group is 0.12. The results confirm the findings of researchers who have found that good mood is one of the individual factors of resilience [16, 29, 30]. ...[31, 32]. According to Fergus and Zimmerman, skills training promotes resilience due to increases the capital of individuals [33]. ...[34]. Research results show the effectiveness of anger control training on happiness. The mean difference of the case group on the happiness scale is -8.86, and the mean difference of happiness variable in the control group is -0.15. This hypothesis's result is in accordance with the findings of Level et al. [35] and Welton et al. [36], who generally state that anger control increased happiness. The results show the effectiveness of anger control training on general health. The mean difference of the case group on the general health scale is 23.67, and the mean difference of the general health in the control group is 1.59. These significant differences indicate the role of anger control education in increasing the general health of veteran children. The present research is in accordance with the research of Rasooli [13] and Shokouhi-yekta et al. [37]. Self-control training also reduces people's anxiety and increases their self-relaxation. The research findings are consistent with Bayrami et al. [38] and Orki et al. [39] on the direct relationship between depression and anger.
Suggestions
Clinical diagnosis requires the use of various tools and methods such as interviewing the person, using relevant questionnaires, and observing the person in a natural position along with the use of information from others. It is suggested that researchers use other related diagnostic tools to increase the diagnosis's accuracy and value. The research on both genders of veterans' sons and in other statistical communities will expand the scope of generalizability. Parents and teachers involvement in anger control skills training facilitates and strengthens change effectiveness and continuity. Therefore, other researchers suggest that other researchers provide the basis for strengthening and maintaining therapeutic changes by teaching skills related to parents and teachers.
Limitations
none
Conclusions
Anger control training effectively increases resilience, happiness, and general health of veterans' student sons.
Acknowledgments
We want to thank all the education officials and the Shahed School in Kerman who helped us carry out this research.
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest.
Ethical Permissions
The subjects were consent to participate in the research. Besides, to observe research ethics, research for the control group was also conducted based on anger control training.
Funding Sources
The authors sponsored this research.

TABLES and CHARTS

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