ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Homaiefar   M. (1)
Shokoohi   MA. (*1)
Mafi   E. (1)






Correspondence

Address: Azadi Square, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Postal Code: 9177948974.
Phone: +98 (51) 37139357
Fax: +98 (51) 37139357
shokouhim@um.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  January  2, 2020
Accepted:  March 10, 2020
ePublished:  March 13, 2020

BRIEF TEXT


Cities as organisms have non-linear and unpredictable properties that might be chaotic. Chaos theory in urban development tends to evaluate the physical development as nonlinear, sensitive to initial conditions, and generalizable on various scales fractal geometry.

Nowadays, urban architectures concluded that cities are not simple phenomena that could be improved by simplification. Urban growth is a complicated process including physical. Social. Economic and environmental dimensions [Majedi et al, 2012]. The most important feature of urban systems with a complicated structure is their irregularity which can be seen in other non-linear systems [Rahnama & Asadi, 2014]. Most of the properties used in planning including the population growth, land use patterns, and traffic are neither law-abiding nor predictable [Cartwright, 1991]. Studying cities' shape using Fractal geometry helps to find patterns enriched by structures. According to the complex thoughts, cities are not a collection of components and substances, while they are a combination of the relationships among the components in a whole which need fractal dimension to be evaluated [Goodarzi & Haghani, 2015]. Metropolitan's unrestrained structure and disorganization are the most important problems in Iran's urban system [Rostayi et al, 2016].

This study aimed to prepare a physical development pattern evaluating the physical condition of one of the Mashhad zones as a coherent whole with a homogenous function (tourism).

This a descriptive-analytical research that is empirical in terms of the purpose.

This research is carried out in Mashhad metropolis and its outskirts including Toos and Binalood regions with a focus on the populated spots such as Mashhad, Toos, Torghabe, and Shandiz).

There is no method reported.

Harfa5.5 is used in this research to analyze the shapes so as to evaluate if they are fractal or not. Digital maps from the studied area prepared using GIS and AutoCAD software are the main inputs of the software for calculations.

According to the theories, an acceptable and significant correlation between Ln (N) and Ln(r) in the graph shows the chaos and heterogeneity between these two factors and vice versa. The correlation between Ln (N) and Ln(r) in the physical geometry of the central region and the surrounding areas (Toos and Binalood (Torghabe & Shandiz)) is shown in Table 1 and figure 7. According to the information presented in the table and the graph, there is a significant correlation between the two mentioned factors. A homogenous attitude to urban development frameworks is the main features of this research which were challenging in the preparation of data and maps. Dividing the studied area into three zones helps to understand the studied area's physical growth much better (figure 8). The shapes with chaotic development geometrically have fractal dimensions. Fractal dimension, actually, expresses the nature of the shape regardless of the scale. Moreover, the fractal spectrum (dimension dispersion in whole geometry) and their comparison are the foundation of the analysis. In fact fractal spectrum besides the dimension which is a mathematical and numeric index shows a trend that presents the area geometry clearly. Figure 10 shows the importance of the road and its influence on physical development.

Comparing the result of the current research with that of Mirkatouli et al (2014) "explanation of fractal geometry in geography and planning" show both research stress the compatibility of urban phenomena's feature and fractals and importance of paying attention to such issues to recognize the urban transformation process much better. Elmizadeh & Mahpeykar (2015) by evaluating the fractal theory in Zarrine rood concluded cities that seem to be disorganized in their physical growth have a modern organization. Non-linear and inflexible urban development plans are denied in this attitude and transform the managerial frameworks.

There is no suggestion reported.

There is no limitation reported

According to the analysis of the results, physical growth in the studied area has been chaotic and has fractal geometry which means its properties are generalizable on different fields and scales. Then linear physical growth increases by getting farther from the city centers. In intercity areas growth pattern is linear and by getting farther from the center it will be scattered-linear. This pattern is dependent on transportation roads and does not follow the traditional urban frameworks.

I would like to thank all those who have taught me something. I hope the current research is a step toward a better understanding of the environment.

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TABLES and CHARTS

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