@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):265-273
ISSN: 2538-4384 Geographical Researches 2020;35(3):265-273
Identification and Prioritization of Housing Problems by Delphi Method and Shannon Technique; Case Study of Mashhad City
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Baradaran Tavakoli D. (1)Rezvani A.R. (*1)
Vafamehr M. (2)
Khademzadeh M.H. (3)
(1) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad , Iran
(2) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Architecture, Fine Arts Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No. 69, Khayyam 11, Malek Abad Boulevard, Mashhad, Iran. Postal Code: 9185733919.Phone: +98 (51) 37613794
Fax: -
rezvani0112@mshdiau.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 30, 2020Accepted: July 7, 2020
ePublished: July 8, 2020
BRIEF TEXT
The shortage of housing and its low quality leading to the housing crisis has been one of the main problems in Iran during the recent decades.
Nowadays, houses have become a trading commodity with economic value and this attitude has caused various problems in this field [Papuli Yazdi et al., 2000]. There are various reasons behind the housing problem such as the traditional structure, financial problems, lack of enough rentals, fluctuations in the housing sector, deteriorated fabric, informal accommodations, and houses short lifespan. Sartipipour (2003) believes housing problems root in the imbalance between the available supply and the demand for it. A localized concept and pattern according to the real problems of housing in each region, a codified classification, and setting proper priorities are essential to resolve the housing problems.
This study aimed to identify the housing problems and prioritize them using the Delphi method and Shannon technique.
This is an empirical study in terms of the purpose and an analytical-exploratory study in terms of the strategy which is carried out using Creswell research design.
The current research is carried out using 10 top managers' and 7 academics' perspectives in the field of housing who had the most influence on the field of study in Mashhad from September to December 2019.
17 out of 28 experts in the field of housing were chosen selectively.
The data were collected through experts' interviewing and were analyzed using the Delphi method and Shannon technique.
According to the Shannon technique, parameters of designing, management, economy, and implementation are, respectively, first to fourth ranks (Table 2). Among the indicators, however, "renting and not owning the house", "residential deteriorated fabric", "inflexibility in the building" and "lack of an efficient plan for mass production and industrial production" have the highest scores, respectively (Table 3). Eventually, the housing problems model was presented with 32 indicators and 4 parameters using the Shannon technique (Figure 2).
The results of the current research about the priority of the designing parameters over other parameters are consistent with the results of Wentling (2015). Fateh & Dariush (2011) approve the results of the current research about the importance of flexibility in the designing parameter in comparison to other indicators. The results of Mohammadi et al. (2014) are consistent with the results of the current research. They showed most of the historical cities of Iran are prone to deterioration that affected the urban areas' growth. Sartipour (2003) stresses the importance of buildings' short life span in the implementation parameter. He believes investments in the buildings last for just 30 years. Maleki (2011) mentions the lack of strategic long-term plans for renting the houses, the restrictive approach toward the tenants, and higher demand of the big young population as the main housing problems in Iran.
Doing the basic studies in this field will be very valuable in future empirical studies. Detection of the main housing problems is of great importance in carrying out purposeful and effective studies so as to find solutions for them.
The shortage of basic studies in the field of housing was a serious problem in doing the current research.
Designing and management parameters are of more importance than the implementation and economy parameters. "Not owning the houses and renting", "deteriorated residential fabric", "inflexibility in buildings", "lack of efficient planning in mass production and industrial production", "lack of enough attention to buildings' sustainability and use of green energies" are the most important indicators, respectively.
There is no acknowledgment reported.
None.
None.
This article is extracted from Baradaran Tavakoli Ph.D. thesis in art and agriculture faculty of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad "Development of Flexible Architectural Design Strategies in Residential Complexes Based on Lifestyle (Case Study: Mashhad Residential Complexes)"
TABLES and CHARTS
Show attach fileCITIATION LINKS
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[14]- Mohammadi J, Shafaghi S, Nouri M (2014). Analysis of spatial – physical structure - old texture of urban space in order to improve and repair (case study: Dogonbadan old texture city). Journal of Spatial Planning. 4(2):105-128. [Persian]
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[16]- Mansourbakht G (2008). Research issue, main issue of research (methodological thinking in fundamental concepts of research). Journal of Human Sciences. (58):169-194. [Persian].
[17]- Noormohammadi M, Moradi K, Ghiasvand H, Taghavi A, Hormati L (2017). A study of Mehr housing policy from the beginning to 2015 (case study: Tehran province). Housing Economics Quarterly. (61):35-57. [Persian]
[18]- Ojo A, Curry E, Janowski T (2014). Designing next generation smart city initiatives-harnessing findings and lesson from a study of ten smart city programs. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), June 9-11, Tel Aviv, Israel. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway. P. 1-12.
[19]- Papuli Yazdi MH, Vosoughi F, Labbaf M (2000). Turkmen housing, functional analysis of a technical and social transformation. Journal of Geographical Researches. 15(3-4):11-42. [Persian]
[20]- Pilevar AA, Pourahmad A (2004). The Growth and Development of Large Cities of the Country (Case Study: Mashhad). Journal of Geographical Researches. 36(48):103-121. [Persian]
[21]- Pourmohammadi MR, Sadr Mousavi M, Abedini A (2012). Analytical consideration on policies of housing supply by government with respect to the cultural and socioeconomic development plans in Iran. Journal of Urban Studies. 1(3):34-43. [Persian]
[22]- Ravanshadnia M (2015). Key lecture on construction and implementation management: an analysis of the employment status of engineers and characteristics of the 21st century engineer. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Congress of Construction Engineering and Construction Project Evaluation; May 28; Education and Research Group of Baroo Gostar Pars Engineering Company, Parhoon Abraheh Consulting Engineers Company, Semnan. [Persian]
[23]- Rezvani AR (2016). The spirit of the city again definition of the city, space, urban space and determining spiritual indicators. Green Architecture Charter. 2(4):55-79. [Persian]
[24]- Rezvani AR (2005). In search of urban identity in Mashhad. 1st Edition. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. [Persian]
[25]- Sartipipour M (2003). The pathology of housing problems in Iran. Soffe Journal. 14(3-4):23-43. [Persian]
[26]- Shams M, Gomar M (2016). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative housing in Hamadan province Emphasizing: low‐income Families. Journal of Regional Planning. 5(20):55‐68. [Persian]
[27]- Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education. (2):5-53.
[28]- Tashakkori A, Teddlie C, editors (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. 1st Edition. London: SAGE Publications.
[29]- Turoff M, Linstone HA, editors (2002). The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Advanced Book Program.
[30]- Wentling J (2015). Housing by lifestyle: the component method of residential design. Ghasemi H, translator. 2nd Edition. Mashhad: Kasra Library Publications. [Persian]
[31]- Ziyari S, Farhoudi R, Porahmad A, Hataminegad H (2018). Analysis of sustainable housing in Karaj City. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 16(52):141‐156. [Persian]
[2]- Bastani M, Mohammadniai Gharayi F, Saeedi Mofrad S (2019). Urban texture assessment based on the principles of passive defense using factor analytical network process (F’ANP) (Case study: Noghan Neighborhood Mashhad). Geographical Researches Quarterly. 34(1):63 -72. [Persian].
[3]- Bokharaei A, Sanati Sharghi N, Rostami S, Sharbatian MH (2018). Spatial analysis of social happiness in Mashhad. Journal of physical Development Planning. 3(7):134-153. [Persian]
[4]- Campagna G (2016). Linking crowding, housing inadequacy and perceived housing stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 45:252‐266.
[5]- Creswell JW (2012). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Danaeifard H, Salehi A, translators. 1st Edition. Tehran: Mehraban Nashr. [Persian]
[6]- Chegini A, Ahmadi K (2014). Successful experiences of housing financing system in South Korea. Scientific Quarterly of Housing Economics. (50):21-45. [Persian]
[7]- Davoodpour Z, Ebrahimzadeh MB (2011). Global position of social housing [Internet]. Mashhad: Zaminmaskan [cited 2020, 21 February]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3lFLUCP. [Persian]
[8]- Ezzatpanah B, Sobhani N, Rashidi Ebrahim Hesari A (2015). Investigating the distribution of urban land use in urban development projects in terms of social justice, case study: Shahindezh city. Journal of Urban Ecological Research. 6(2):49-64. [Persian]
[9]- Fateh M, Dariush B (2011). Theoretical foundations of architecture. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Science and Knowledge. [Persian]
[10]- Grote L, Wang D (2017). Architectural research methods. Eynifar AR, translatior. 9th Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Press. [Persian]
[11]- Hasa J (2016). Difference between issue and problem [Internet]. Difference Between [cited 2020, 14 March]. Available from: http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-issue-and-problem/.
[12]- Mazaherian H (2014). Editorial. Scientific Quarterly of Housing Economics. (51):5-8. [Persian]
[13]- Maleki B (2011). Eight main challenges of the housing sector. No. 2332 [Internet]. Tehran: Dunya-e-Eqtesad [cited 2020, 14 March]. Available from: https://www.magiran.com/article/2264988. [Persian]
[14]- Mohammadi J, Shafaghi S, Nouri M (2014). Analysis of spatial – physical structure - old texture of urban space in order to improve and repair (case study: Dogonbadan old texture city). Journal of Spatial Planning. 4(2):105-128. [Persian]
[15]- Mehrafzoon M (2015). Explaining the study of Mehr housing project development plan (case study of Boroujerd city). Zagros Landscape Journal. 6(21):1-40. [Persian]
[16]- Mansourbakht G (2008). Research issue, main issue of research (methodological thinking in fundamental concepts of research). Journal of Human Sciences. (58):169-194. [Persian].
[17]- Noormohammadi M, Moradi K, Ghiasvand H, Taghavi A, Hormati L (2017). A study of Mehr housing policy from the beginning to 2015 (case study: Tehran province). Housing Economics Quarterly. (61):35-57. [Persian]
[18]- Ojo A, Curry E, Janowski T (2014). Designing next generation smart city initiatives-harnessing findings and lesson from a study of ten smart city programs. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), June 9-11, Tel Aviv, Israel. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway. P. 1-12.
[19]- Papuli Yazdi MH, Vosoughi F, Labbaf M (2000). Turkmen housing, functional analysis of a technical and social transformation. Journal of Geographical Researches. 15(3-4):11-42. [Persian]
[20]- Pilevar AA, Pourahmad A (2004). The Growth and Development of Large Cities of the Country (Case Study: Mashhad). Journal of Geographical Researches. 36(48):103-121. [Persian]
[21]- Pourmohammadi MR, Sadr Mousavi M, Abedini A (2012). Analytical consideration on policies of housing supply by government with respect to the cultural and socioeconomic development plans in Iran. Journal of Urban Studies. 1(3):34-43. [Persian]
[22]- Ravanshadnia M (2015). Key lecture on construction and implementation management: an analysis of the employment status of engineers and characteristics of the 21st century engineer. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Congress of Construction Engineering and Construction Project Evaluation; May 28; Education and Research Group of Baroo Gostar Pars Engineering Company, Parhoon Abraheh Consulting Engineers Company, Semnan. [Persian]
[23]- Rezvani AR (2016). The spirit of the city again definition of the city, space, urban space and determining spiritual indicators. Green Architecture Charter. 2(4):55-79. [Persian]
[24]- Rezvani AR (2005). In search of urban identity in Mashhad. 1st Edition. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. [Persian]
[25]- Sartipipour M (2003). The pathology of housing problems in Iran. Soffe Journal. 14(3-4):23-43. [Persian]
[26]- Shams M, Gomar M (2016). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative housing in Hamadan province Emphasizing: low‐income Families. Journal of Regional Planning. 5(20):55‐68. [Persian]
[27]- Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education. (2):5-53.
[28]- Tashakkori A, Teddlie C, editors (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. 1st Edition. London: SAGE Publications.
[29]- Turoff M, Linstone HA, editors (2002). The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Advanced Book Program.
[30]- Wentling J (2015). Housing by lifestyle: the component method of residential design. Ghasemi H, translator. 2nd Edition. Mashhad: Kasra Library Publications. [Persian]
[31]- Ziyari S, Farhoudi R, Porahmad A, Hataminegad H (2018). Analysis of sustainable housing in Karaj City. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 16(52):141‐156. [Persian]