@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(3):171-177

Background
Some of the risk factors for CVDs are harmful blood fats increase (such as LDL-C, TG, and TC) and useful blood fats reduction (such as HDL-C) [1-3]. Blood LDL-Cs, integrated in the inner layer of endothelial, form plaque due to changes in the macrophages [3,5].
Previous Studies
Continuous exercise training, reducing harmful blood fats, such as LDL-C, TC, and TG, and increasing useful blood fats, such as HDL-C, affects blood fat levels improvement [5-12]. Adaptation with the exercise positively affects blood lipid profiles through increase in blood volume (Plasma), reducing blood concentration, and VO2max increase [5]. … [13-19] There are significant reduction in LDL-C and TC due to severe anaerobic exercises with diet [20]. There are significant reductions in TC and RF, i. e. TC to HDL-C ratio, and significant increase in HDL-C following a course of severe anaerobic exercise [6]. There are lower HDL-C and HDL-C/TC ratio in athletes participating especially in anaerobic exercises than athletes mainly participating in endurance programs [21]. There are no changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins of high-speed athletes with short-term efforts program. In addition, there are no significant differences between TC and TG in the high-speed skaters, weightlifters, and inactive men [22]. Blood fat is changed in response to the exercises by persons’ activity, as well as kind, volume, and severity of the exercises [1, 23-25]. There is no study that has investigated the effects of one session exhausting sever activity on the blood lipid profiles in active and inactive persons. … [26-28]
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one session exhausting severe exercises on the blood lipid profiles in active and inactive persons.
Research type
This is a semi-experimental study.
Research society, place and time
Male Physical Education students and other students of Tehran Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (Iran) were studied in 2013.
Sampling method and number
Based on the Cochran’s formula, from 30 persons, 20 persons were selected purposefully and according to the medical information including no surgery, high blood pressure, CVD and other chronic diseases, drug or especial nutritional supplement consumption, and special diet. All participants had approximately similar diet.
Used devices&materials
Physical activity was measured, using physical activity questionnaire consisting of 16 questions and 3 indices including “work” (8 questions), “sport” (4 questions), and “leisure” (4 questions) [29]. Cunningham and Faulkner test, including 10min warming and then, running on T40 treadmill (TUNTURI; Finland) with 20% slope and 12m/s speed, was utilized as the exhausting sport activity. Weight and height were measured by GS49 digital scales and stadiometer (BMI; Germany) with ±0.1kg and ±1cm accuracy, respectively. BMI, total fat percentage, and visceral fat percentage were measured, using electrical bio-impedance device (OMRON; Japan). Based on the information from Beck’s Physical Activity Questionnaire, the cases were purposefully divided into two 10-person active and inactive groups. Another criterion for inclusion in active group was participating in at least 3 regular sport activity sessions per week. Capillary blood sampling was done in pretest and posttest times before and after sport activity. TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were measured using SD LipidoCare (South Korea). Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software, Independent T test (to compare between anthropometric characteristics in active and inactive groups), Correlated T test (to determine intra-group changes), Covariance and Variance Analysis with Repeated Measures (to compare between the intra-group differences in two test sessions), and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (to determine the correlation between blood fat levels and the anthropometric factors).
Findings by Text
Mean age, height, weight, BMI, body fat, and visceral fat of all the participants were 21.25±1.58years, 175.50±4.81cm, 69.03±8.55kg, 22.51±2.15kg/m², 13.87±3.94%, and 4.3±2.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between weight and BMI, BF, and VF indices between active and inactive persons (Table 1). There was no significant difference between mean changes of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-c in the groups. There was no significant difference between mean pretest and posttest scores of HDL-C in both groups and LDL-C/HDL-c in active group. There were significant differences in mean values of other indices (Table 2). Considering severe correlation between BMI, BF, and VF and blood lipids and their probable effects leading to significant difference between TG and LDL posttest mean scores in both groups, the indices were made covariates and all of them were insignificant. There was a significant correlation between anthropometric indices and all blood fat indices. In addition, there was an inverse correlation with HDL-C.
Main comparison to the similar studies
There were significant increases in all fat indices except HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in both active and inactive groups due to exhausting sport activity. There were no significant differences between other blood lipids than TG and LDL-C in response to the exhausting activity between the groups. Nevertheless, there were significant changes in TG and LDL-C between active and inactive group. The results are consistent with the results of some studies [28], while they are not consistent with other studies [6, 20]. There might be an increase in blood lipid responses to some extent due to severe anaerobic activity, as well as aerobic activity [28]. Affecting lipoprotein lipase enzyme as the most important lipolysis enzyme, an increase in stress hormones leads to more fat-break down launching and higher correlated indices in blood [5, 25]. Probably through more blood concentration, an increase in the sweating rate with dehydration caused by severe sport activity affects the measured indices [5]. There was no significant increase in HDL-C in both groups. In addition, there was no significant increase in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in active group. There is an increase in the surface compound transfer to HDL-C due to regular exercises with an increase in lipoprotein lipase, its transfer to the capillary endothelial, connection to the lumen surface, and accelerating the decomposition of lipoproteins enriched by TG that leads to an increase in mass HDL-C in a long term [30]. There were significant differences only in LDL-C and TG indices between active and inactive groups, while there were insignificant differences between the groups in other indices. There is a high correlation between BMI, BF, and, especially, VF with blood lipids, especially such as TG and LDL-C [1-3, 5]. There were significant correlations between the indices and, especially VF, and blood LDL-C and TG. The results are confirmed by the present study.
Suggestions
Capillary sampling should be replaced by venous sampling to enhance the study.
Limitations
Capillary sampling, instead of venous sampling, was one of the limitations for the present study.
Conclusions
One-session exhausting severe sport activity leads to higher LDL-C, TG, TC, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Nevertheless, it does not affect HDL-C.
Acknowledgments
The researchers appreciate Tehran Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University and the participating students.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
Non-declared
Funding Sources
The study was funded by the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee University.

TABLES and CHARTS

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