ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Rahimi Pordanjani   T. (1)
Mohamadzadeh Ebrahimi   A. (*)






(*) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Sfrayen Road, Bojnord, Iran. Postal Code: 9453155111
Phone: -
Fax: +98 (58) 32284634
a.mohammadzadeh@ub.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  March  4, 2019
Accepted:  June 1, 2019
ePublished:  June 15, 2019

BRIEF TEXT


One of the efforts of organizations to maintain human resources is to enhance job satisfaction among employees [1].

... [2-5]. Researches show that one of the variables affecting job satisfaction is mindfulness [6, 7]. ... [8-10]. King & Hauer [11] showed that mindfulness has a significant relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Mohammadpour [12] also reported that there is a positive relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction in Lorestan police forces. Also, in the workplace, health is a topic that has always been studied, and few psychologists claim that checking the health and well-being of employees is not important in increasing productivity [13]. "Psychological well-being" is defined as a conflict with ontological challenges and efforts for personal growth. Also, psychological well-being is considered as an effort for perfection in order to realize the potential of a person [14]. ... [15]. Some studies have highlighted job prosperity as an important predictor of job satisfaction. Bowling et al. [16] showed that mental well-being leads to a person's readiness to experience certain emotions and feelings, such as job satisfaction. Studies also shows that mindfulness is associated with decreasing psychological distress and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and it leads to psychological, physical, emotional, spiritual well-being and self-efficacy improvement [17]. Don [18] in his review states that mindfulness not only increases mental and physical health, but also affects the behavioral adjustment and the quality of individual relationships, which are two important features of the work environment. Brownorian also studied the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. His research results show that the increased mental awareness is associated with increased psychological well-being [8].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meditative role of job welfare in mindfulness and job satisfaction among police officers.

This research is a structural equation modeling (SEM) study.

This research was conducted on all staff employed in the police headquarters of North Khorasan Province in 2018 (537 subjects).

217 subjects were selected by random sampling method according to Krejcie and Morgan table [19].

Data were collected by the Hinkin Well-Being Questionnaire [20, 21], Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) [8, 10], and the Brayfield and Rothe Job Satisfaction Scale [24-22]. After obtaining the necessary permissions to conduct the research, out of 21 deputies and police officers of Police Headquarter of the Northern Khorasan Police force, 10 administrative departments (including Prevention Police, Inspection, Command and Control, Assistant and Support Officer, Deputy of Education and Training, Deputy Director of Engineering, Deputy of Health, Vice-Chancellor of Technology, Information and Communication, Human Resource Officer and Police Ideological−Political Organization) were randomly selected. In the next step, due to lack of access to the full list of employees, for randomly selection, two or three days were randomly selected, in which the selected departments were referred. It was possible that some staff might be on a mission outside the command post, so those who were present in their room on the referral day were randomly selected as samples and completed questionnaires. The researcher in each room first provided the necessary explanations about the topic of the research, the items of the questionnaire, and the purpose of evaluating their opinions verbally. In the next step, the tests were provided to the employees interested in cooperation and they were asked to answer questions with care and patience. Also, respondents were assured that all their information and responses would remain confidential. Some of the staff at the same work place responded to the questionnaires, and those who were not able to answer at that moment were given questionnaires by the researcher and the deadline enough to return the questionnaires was determined. Various preliminary analyzes were initiated to obtain initial insight into the data by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson zero-order correlations. Then, more sophisticated analyzes were conducted to assess the fitness of the proposed model through structural equation modeling using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software. To determine the fitting the proposed model with the combined data, fitness indices, including Chi square (χ2), χ2 / df, Comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), Tucker-lewis Index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), Goodness Fit (GFI) and Normalized fit index (NFI) were used. In addition, to test the mediating effects, the bootstrap method in Preacher & Hayes' Macro program was applied. In order to evaluate the proposed model, the Anderson & Gerbing approach [26, 27] were used.

193 questionnaires were collected due to lack of cooperation of some employees and no complete answers to some questionnaires (return rate 88.2%). In the final stage, after removing outlying data, 190 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of samples was 33.6 ± 4.7 years and all of them were male. The majority of them was married (91.7%) and had official employment status (92.6%) and had two children (33.2%). 41 samples (21.6%) had diploma education, 56 samples (29.5%) had associate degree, 75 samples (39.5%) had undergraduate degree and 18 samples (9.5%) had Master’s degree. There was a significant correlation between mindfulness, job well-being and job satisfaction (p <0.0001; Table 1).All components of mindfulness, except for "acting with awareness", had a high load factor (p <0.001). Therefore, in order to increase the internal reliability of the FFMQ, this component was excluded. The indices of confirmatory factor analysis were close to the fitness criteria after the exclusion of this component and had acceptable fitness. Before examining the structural coefficients, the fitness of the proposed model was studied using fitness indices. The evaluation of the proposed model showed that to achieve a better fit they were linked to "non-judgment" "non- reacting" (Table 2).For mindfulness to job satisfaction through job well-being, the lower and upper limit of confidence interval was 0.449 and 0.927 respectively; as zero was outside this distance, this relationship was significant (P <0.0001). The confidence level for this confidence interval was 95 and the bootstrap resampling was 5000. Also, the data value was 0.661, boot was 0.665, bias was 0.0003 and the mean standard error obtained 0.121 and (Fig. 1).

The results of this study showed that mindfulness has a direct effect on job well-being. This finding is consistent with the results of Ahmadvand et al. [8], Rosenstreich & Malgalit [17] and … Don [18]. ... [28, 29]. The results of this study also showed that mindfulness has a direct positive effect on job satisfaction. This finding is consistent with the results of the research by Holschger et al. [7], King and Haur [17] and Mohammad Poor [12]. On the other hand, the results showed that job well-being had a direct positive effect on job satisfaction. This finding is in line with the results of the research by Ergor and Hasspolat [30], Bowling et al. [16], and Naami & Piriae [21]. … [30]. Also, the results of this study showed that mindfulness has indirect effect on job satisfaction through job well-being. So far, no research has been done to examine the indirect effect of job well-being on the relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction. However, the results of the study by Morone et al. [31] showed that the increased mind-awareness increases the psychological well-being of individuals, which has an immediate impact on the creation, and has long-term effects on the quality of life, which is partly due to job satisfaction.

It is recommended to use the Mindfulness Questionnaire in the selection of police officers in order to select the people who are expected to be happy in the future in their career.

The used self-report research tools, a large number of research questionnaires and the high number of questions are the limitations of this research.

Mindfulness has a direct positive effect on job satisfaction. Also, job well-being can play a role in the relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction.

The researchers are grateful to all the staff of the Northern Khorasan Police Force who helped us in this study.

None declared.

At all stages of this research, ethical considerations, such as the ethical principle of confidentiality, the intellectual right of authors, secrecy and informed consent are observed.

The research code of this study is 97/367/13214 dated 2018-12-09, using the grant from the University of Bojnourd.

TABLES and CHARTS

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