@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2018;4(4):30-31

Background
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in men, and prostate cancer screening behaviors play an important role in reducing the incidence of this disease.
Previous Studies
... [1-10]. The main goal of screening for prostate cancer is to discover the early clinical process of the disease and to prevent the process of disease and death [11]. Rectal digital test (DRE) and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) are common tests and techniques for early diagnosis of prostate cancer [12]. ... [13-15]. One of the patterns used in various studies to predict behavior is the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). ... [16-22].
Aim(s)
We performed this study to investigate beliefs related to prostate cancer screening behaviors among men visiting retirement communities in Hamadan, Iran.
Research type
This research is a cross-sectional study.
Research society, place and time
This cross-sectional study of 403 men visiting retirement communities was performed in Hamadan, west of Iran, in 2016.
Sampling method and number
The subjects were selected from 28 active retirement centers and randomly categorized according to sample size.
Used devices&materials
The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire filled by self-report method, which included two sections, including the demographic characteristics of the participants (10 questions) and the motivational protection model constructs. The construct questions of the PMT were designed based on the Baghtiani Moghadam et al. [13], Babazadeh et al. [20], and Barati et al. [6] according to the subject of the study. Data were collected by SPSS 16 software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test at a significant level less than 0.05.
Findings by Text
The mean age of the men participating in the study was 60.2±5.74 years and the most subjects (30.3%) aged 56 to 60 years. Most male subjects (55.6%) had university degree and were married (98%). In terms of the economic situation, half of the participants (50.6%) reported average economic status. In addition, 33.5% of them have complained about prostate problems, and 11.4% of them had a history of prostate cancer in their father or brothers. It should be noted that 21.6% of the subjects performed regular PSA screening and 5.7% performed DRE. Table 1 shows the mean, standard deviation, the achievable scores range of the theory and the matrix of the correlation coefficient between the studied constructs and the processes. According to the findings, the perceived response with 77.8%, perceived reward with 75.9%, perceived severity with 70.53%, perceived response costs with 62.8%, fear with 59.25%, and perceived self-efficacy with 59% were found relatively desirable and also perceived susceptibility with 44.9% found undesirable. There was a positive correlation between the perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, the fear and perceived response with assessing perceived threat and there was a negative correlation between the perceived reward with assessing perceived threat. Also, there was a positive correlation between the assessing coping with perceived severity, perceived reward, perceived self-efficacy, the fear and perceived response efficiency, but there was a negative correlation with perceived response costs. In addition, there was a positive correlation between protection motivation with perceived reward, perceived self-efficacy, the fear, perceived response and assessing coping, but there was a positive correlation with perceived response costs. The mean and standard deviations of assessing the threat (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived reward) and fear construct are presented in Table 2. In terms of perceived susceptibility, the perceived risk of prostate cancer had the lowest score, in other words, the studied men considered themselves less likely to be at risk. Among the perceived severity beliefs, the belief that "prostate cancer causes immense economic costs to me" had the highest score; in other words, those who participated in the study introduced heavy economic burden as the most important complications and consequences of prostate cancer.
Main comparison to the similar studies
... [23-30]. In the present study, self-efficacy of performing prostate cancer screening behaviors was not at a desirable level. This finding is consistent with the results of studies by Barati et al. [6], Mahdavifar et al. [20], Arabtali et al. [31] and Bashirian et al. [32], however it was not consistent with the results of studies by Jowzi et al. [17] and Tesson et al. [33]. ... [34-37].
Suggestions
non declared
Limitations
The questionnaires were answered by self-report, which can be considered as the limitations of this research.
Conclusions
Based on our results, the levels of perceived susceptibility, perceived reward, fear, and perceived self-efficacy were undesirable. Thus, considering these findings in planning educational interventions seems to be necessary.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to all the participants in this research as well as the employees of the Hamedan retirement centers.
Conflict of interest
non declared
Ethical Permissions
This study was approved by the Research Council and the Ethics Committee (Ethics code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1395.410) of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences.
Funding Sources
This study was funded by the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) research center and the Deputy of research and technology of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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