ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Razavi   M. (1 )
Tehranipour   M. (* )
Khayatzadeh   J. (1 )






(* ) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
(1 ) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Rahnama’ei Street, Mashhad, Iran
Phone: +985138435050
Fax: +985138435050
maryam_tehranipour@mshdiau.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  October  18, 2012
Accepted:  July 16, 2014
ePublished:  September 23, 2014

BRIEF TEXT


… [1-4] Salvia is one of the greatest genera of Lamiaceae family and Salvia Chloroleuca is one of its species [5]. There are almost 58 species of Saliva in Iran, of which 17 species are endemic [6]. Salvia Chloroleuca contains 98% essence (volatile oil) [7]. There are 34 compounds in Salvia Chloroleuca essence including 37.4% of Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Compounds such as Alpha-Pinene and Beta Pinene, 26.1% Oxygenated Monoterpene such as 1, 8-Cineole and Carvacrole, 18.2% Sesquiterpene Compounds such as Beta-Caryophyllene and Germacrene D, 9.7% Oxygenated Sesquiterpene, and 7.1% other compounds such as BICyclogermacrene, Spathulenole, and Sabinene [8-10]. … [11, 12] The species has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-microbial properties [7, 13-15]. The plants of the genus have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant on the central nervous system [12]. … [16]

There is no study about the effects of alcoholic extraction of Salvia Chloroleuca leaf.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of alcoholic extraction of Salvia Chloroleuca leaf on damage of the alpha motor neurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord after sciatic nerve damage in the rats.

This is an experimental study.

Wistar male rats aged approximately 12 weeks and weighted 200-250g bought from Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute were studied in Faculty of Sciences of Mashhad Islamic Azad University (Iran) in 2012.

24 rats were studied.

Keeping conditions were 21°C, 50%wet, 12hours light/darkness cycle, and achievable food and water. The animals were divided into four 6-member groups including control, damaged, damaged+ 50mg/kg alcoholic extraction treatment, and damaged+ 75mg/kg alcoholic extraction treatment. Salvia Chloroleuca leaf, confirmed by Herbarium Center of Faculty of Sciences of Mashhad Islamic Azad University with herbarium number 9184, was completely crushed, using a mill. Alcoholic extract was prepared, using soxhlet extractor. Posterior thigh muscles of the animal having been pushed away, sciatic nerve damaging was done in 60seconds, using clamp forceps (the second lock). In the treatment groups, the first 50 and 75mg/kg of extract injection stage was done as intra-peritoneal immediately after damage. The doses were selected due to the proven maximum effect of Salvia Staminea extract [17]. The second stage of intra-peritoneal injection of the extract in the treatment groups was done 7 days after the first stage. Using perfusion method 28 days after damage, the tissues of the animal body were firstly stabilized to some degree and then, sampling was done from the lumbar spinal cord [17]. The samples, having been put in a stabilizer for 2 weeks, underwent three tissue processing stages including tissue dewatering using alcohol, clearing by xylene, and contamination with paraffin. 7μm thick sections were made, using Cut 6062 microtome device (SLEE medical GmbH; Germany). Sectioning was done in serial and of every 30 sections, 3 consecutive sections were put on a lam. Finally, 30 lam were prepared from each sample. Photography was done on the ventral horn of the spinal cord on the right side on the prepared lams on two consecutive sections, using a photomicroscope (Zeiss; East Germany). Di-sector method was used to count alpha motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Then, mean neuron density was computed formulated as “Total Counted Neurons in a Sample/Total Sampling Stages in a Sample× Sampling Frame Volume”. Data was analyzed, using Minitab 13 software and Independent T test (to compare between cell body situations of motor neurons of the spinal cord) and One-way ANOVA (paired-comparison between the groups in mean density of the neurons of alpha motor neurons of the spinal ventral horn). … [18]

Mean density of the alpha motor neurons of the spinal ventral horn in control, damaged, damaged+50mg/kg alcoholic extract treatment, and damaged+75mg/kgalcoholic extract treatment groups were 1711.5±47.4, 730.7±33.4, 1211.2±34.8, and 987.4±36.8, respectively. There was no significant difference between mean values of the spinal ventral horn neuron density in control and damaged groups. There were significant differences between the mean values in the treatment groups and the mean value of damaged group. In control and treatment groups, the cell bodies of motor neurons of the spinal cord were normal and less damaged that expressed the protective effects of the alcoholic extract of Salvia Chloroleuca leaf on the cell bodies of neurons after sciatic nerve damage (Fig. 1).

There was a significant reduction in alpha motor neurons of the spinal ventral horn in the rats due to sciatic nerve damage that confirmed chromatolysis process and neuronal death. There was a significant increase in the density of alpha motor neurons of the spinal ventral horn due to 50 and 75mg/kg alcoholic extract of Salvia Chloroleuca leaf in rats with sciatic nerve damage. Apoptosis is induced in the neurons due to axotomy and nerve crush [19]. … [20] Salvia Chloroleuca has anti-apoptosis property [21]. There were manifest neuronal protection effects in both 50 and 75mg/kg alcoholic extract treatment groups than damaged group. Methanol extract of Salvia Chloroleuca has powerful anti-oxidant and neuronal protection properties [7]. … [22-29]

Non-declared

Non-declared

Alcoholic extract of Salvia Chloroleuca leaf increases the density of alpha motor neurons of the spinal ventral horn in rats with sciatic nerve damage. There is a correlation between neuronal density increase and the received extract level.

The researcher appreciates Department of Biology and Faculty of Sciences of Mashhad Islamic Azad University.

Non-declared

Non-declared

The researcher funded the study.

TABLES and CHARTS

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