@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2018;4(4):39-48

Background
Lifestyle-related diseases are among the most important causes of mortality in Iran. Evidence suggests an association between unhealthy lifestyle and the incidence of diseases and health problems.
Previous Studies
… [1-3]. One of the most important causes of death in Iran is diseases that result from an unhealthy lifestyle [2]; therefore, lifestyle as an important factor has always been the focus of health education and health promotion; because the evidence suggests a link between lifestyle and disease and health disorders [4]. … [5, 6]. Wang et al. (2017), in a study entitled "Comparing healthy lifestyle behaviors in people with and without cardiovascular disease in urban and rural areas of China," showed that there is a big gap between adopting healthy behaviors among participants [7]. … [8-11].
Aim(s)
The present study was conducted to determine the lifestyle status and its related factors among residents of Hormoz Island.
Research type
The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study.
Research society, place and time
This study was conducted on 400 inhabitants of Hormoz island with the age of over 15 years in 2016.
Sampling method and number
The sample size was determined 400 persons, according to the n = z2 * p (1-p) / d2 formula, considering the 95% confidence interval, p=0.5, d=0.05, and 5% possibility of falling.
Used devices&materials
The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, consisting of two parts: the first part included personal characteristics, such as age, sex, level of education, marital status, occupation and monthly income and the residence of Hormuz Island. The second part was related to lifestyle factors of the subjects. To determine the external consistency of the tool, the test-retest method (Re=0.93) was used and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.87) was used to assess the internal consistency. In this study, the data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings by Text
The mean age of the subjects was 36.1±14.52 years old and 61.5% of them were able to read and write. Also, 46% of the participants were male and 72% were married, and 40.5% of them had an average economic status (Table 1). In terms of oil consumption, 81% of the participants used liquid oil, 17.8% solid oils and 1.3% other oils. Moreover, 20.3% used low-salt foods, 75.3% preferred salt and 4.5% used salty food. 8.4% said they always had salt in their table, and 78.5% said they would never add salt to by salt shakers to their meals. In addition, the findings of this study showed that the mean years of smoking and hookah smoking in subjects were 21±7.41 and 19±16.50 years, respectively. The average number of smoking and hookah smoking was 9.55±6.85 and 2.57±1.26 times daily, respectively. Also, the mean age of the first cigarette and hookah smoking was 18.11±5.70 and 19.62±6.60 years, respectively. Based on the results of the study, currently 148 participants (37%) had regular physical activity, 161 subjects (40.3%) had planned to have regular physical activity in the next six months, and 145 subjects (36.3%) intended to perform regular physical activity in the next 30 days. 152 subjects (38%) also had regular physical activity during the last six months. The findings showed that, of the 400 studied subjects, 36 had a car driving on the island, of which 22 studied (61.1%) were always using a seat-belt while driving. Of the 157 subjects using motorcycle, three subjects (9.9%) always and eight subjects (5.1%) used helmet sometimes. Moreover, the results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant relationship between the average consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish and red meat with education (P<0.05). Accordingly, the group with the university education received the highest consumption during the week. There was a significant relationship between marital status and dietary intake of food groups (P<0.05); so that for these variables, married people with high income levels reported the highest consumption of food groups over a week; however, there was no significant difference between men and women in the intake of food groups (P>0.05; Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
... [12-18]. The results of this study showed that people with higher economic status use fruits, vegetables and fish [19]. ... [20-27]. In this regard, one of the obstacles to the consumption of sufficient fruits and vegetables was economical problems showed by Salehi et al. [28]; accordingly, 65% of the subjects said that they did not have enough money to buy fruits and vegetables. ... [29-35]. It should be noted that in the current study, the average fish consumption was the highest in comparison with other foods, so that the people reported three times (three days) eating fish weekly. In the Mohsennezhad et al., the average fish consumption among the subjects was lower than the present study, which is not consistent with the results of the present study [36]. ... [37-50].
Suggestions
Longitudinal studies are recommended to improve lifestyle so that different types of health behaviors are regularly reviewed.
Limitations
The results can not be generalized to other geographical regions or Hormozgan province.
Conclusions
As the findings indicated, the promotion of nutritional knowledge, increased awareness of the disadvantages of smoking in people with low education, implementation of cheap policies, availability of healthy food, increased tobacco taxes, implementation of physical activities, as well as notification and normalization in the field of safety behaviors are among the important factors for the promotion of lifestyle.
Acknowledgments
The authors of are grateful to all the participants in the study and also to the research vice president of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Ethical Permissions
It should be noted that this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Research of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.
Funding Sources
This study was funded by the Vice-Chancellor for Research of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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