ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Marefati   H. (1)
Vizvari   N. (2)
Hosseinzade   M. (3)
Zeiaadini Dashtkhaki   L. (3)
Vizvari   E. (*)






(*) Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
(1) Exercise Physiology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
(2) Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
(3) Physical Education Department, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sayad Shirazi Boulevard, Gorgan, Iran
Phone: +981732543255
Fax:
vizvariexir@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  November  26, 2015
Accepted:  May 10, 2016
ePublished:  June 30, 2016

BRIEF TEXT


Although regular physical activity can improve the performance of the body such as the respiratory system [1] ,it can sometimes lead to complications that increase the susceptibility of the bronchi, inflammation of the airways, asthma and exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB) or exercise-induced asthma (EIA)[2] that of course, various factors such as genetics, environmental factors and physical activity methods are involved in causing these diseases [3].

… [4-8] In addition to the activity, environmental activity is also an important factor affecting the pulmonary responses. In dry climates, the high rate of decline in lung function in response to the children activity in the age range of 10-14 years has been reported 27% [9]. … [10] Exercise Induced asthma in winter sports have been reported doubled in comparison with summer sports [11]… [12-16].

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of physical activities on the pulmonary functioning in 12-14 years old students in two different climates in terms of temperature and humidity i.e.Kerman and Gorgan cities.

This is a semi- experimental study.

In this study, 128 female students, aged between 12 and 14 years, were studied in Kerman and Gorgan (n=64 per city) in 2013.

128 female students from two cities of Kerman and Gorgan (n=64 for each city) were selected through random and cluster method, who had no history of heart disease in need of treatment.

Asthma Specialized Control Method (ASCM), including asthmatic symptoms before and after physical activity [9], was distributed among subjects. Questionnaire asthma symptoms included: wheezing and repeated cough or shortness of breath at rest and coughing at night, as well as wheezing or coughing during exercise .people with two or more symptoms or those who have previously performed by a physician and had been diagnosed with asthma , were considered as people with symptoms of asthma. fitness test was consist of 7 min running at 75-70% of Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) that was performed in the school yard, the Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) was obtained by the formula (Age -220) [17]. While the participants were reminded not using short –acting drugs such as theophylline and Beta agonists 6 hours before the test and about long-acting ones 12 hours before the test, they were tested about Pulmonary function by spirometer model pony FX (Cosmed; Italy) . The pulmonary functioning test was done before, immediately after, 7min after, and 20min after the physical activities. During the test, the subjects were in the standing position (no bending waist) and to ensure, the air out of the mouth nose clips were used. The peak expiratory flow (PEF), the expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), the maximum expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF50%) were measured. More than 15 % reductions in FEV1 and PEF after the activities were explained as Exercise Induced asthma [18]. Testing time was between 10 and12 in the morning. The average temperature during the test in Kerman and Gorgan were Cº22 and Cº71 respectively and moisture content in order was about 57% and 30% . Gorgan height is155 meters and Kerman height is 1756 meters above sea level. . The distance between two cities is 1123 kilometers. Pulmonary function evaluation criteria took place based on the protocol ERS / ATS (American Lung Association / Respiratory Society Europe). Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using repeated measurement of variance and Chi-square tests.

The mean age of Gorganian students was 12.89 ± 0.89 years and Kermanian students was 12.64 ± 0.75 years. In the evaluation of pulmonary function, most students were suffered from mild asthma (Table 1). There was no significant difference in either FEV1 or PEF mean in Kerman and Gorgan cities (within group) before and after physical activity as well as between two cities (p>0.0). However, there was a significant difference in the mean FVC between the cities (p=0.001). In addition, the mean FVC between before and after physical activity in Kerman (Internal) was statistically significant (p=0.004). However, this difference was not significant in Gorgan (p=0.37). Also, there was a significant difference between MEF50% mean before and after physical activity in both Kerman cities ( p=0.01) and Gorgan (p=0.03). In total, there was more pulmonary-functioning drop after the activities in Kerman than Gorgan. In Kerman, FEV1, MEF 50% and PEF up to 20 minutes after activity was reduced. In Gorgan, it decreased up to seventh minutes but since then increased up to near resting amounts (Table 2).

Considering that the sea is a determining factor in the humidity of an area , and on the shores of the Caspian Sea (such as Gorgan) the relative humidity is high, This drop pulmonary capacity after exercising in Kerman is probably attributed to the inhalation of cold, dry air that shows different climatic conditions in two cities on pulmonary function. Koh & Choi, also, have referred to the effect of temperature decrease and humidity in the cause of EIB and have mentioned to the more effect of humidity share [3]…[19-22].

In other studies, different physical activities with different intensities and with more samples or investigating the comparison between asthmatics and non-asthmatics activity should be considered.

Different individual effects and inheritance on subjects’ pulmonary capacity, and despite attempts to provide a stress free environment, controlling subjects’ emotions was not possible that is counted one of the limitations of this research.

More than average severe physical activities reduces the pulmonary capacity in 12-14 years old students, which in cool and dry climate leads to more drop in the pulmonary functioning after the activities, as well as the continuance of the drop, compared to the wet climate.

All education office staff in Kerman and Gorgan and especially students who were participated in the study are appreciated and gratitude.

Non-declared

Professional questionnaire was answered with the consent and cooperation of parents and students.

All the costs of the study have been provided by the Exir Vizvari(corresponding author).

TABLES and CHARTS

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