@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-3483    Journal of Police Medicine 2019;8(3):99-104

Background
... [1]. Substance abuse has always been associated with many problems in human life and is one of the most important social damages, that seriously threatens society [2].
Previous Studies
... [3-8]. Studies have shown that a proper perception of social support or its lack has a significant impact on addiction [9]. Several studies show that the perception of social support is involved in prevention, treatment, and prevention of relapse. ... [12]. Social support includes support from "parents," friends, and "other important people of life" that an individual understands them with regard to his social and individual circumstances [13]. A number of studies have shown the relationship between the first component of social protection (parent) and addiction [14]. ... [15-18]. Some studies have shown that there are two other components of perceived social support (friends and other important people of life) and addiction [13]. Research results showed that the two components of social support perception by friends and other important people of life were able to predict drug relapse [19]. ... [20]. Over the past decade, a series of clinical trials have been conducted on the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on various drug-related disorders, including smoking, the use of several different substances, opiates [23], and Amphetamines [24]. ... [25-28].
Aim(s)
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of ACT on the perception of social support from family, friends and other important people in addicted people's lives.
Research type
The present study is a semi-experimental research with with pretest-posttest design and control group.
Research society, place and time
This research was conducted on the addicts who were referred to the Hamyaran Addiction Recovery Center in Ardabil in 2018.
Sampling method and number
The samples were selected randomly, so that among those who were willing to participate in the study and had informed consent, 30 subjects who had inclusion criteria (ability to speak Persian, at least secondary school education, presence in a camp for at least one month, lack of simultaneous participation in other treatment programs, lack of individual counseling) were selected randomly and using lottery and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups.
Used devices&materials
Demographic indicators, including education, age, marital status and drug use were recorded for all samples according to the year. Social support perception questionnaire was used to collect data. It is a 12-item scale developed by Zimit et al. [29] and measures the level of perceived social protection of the individual by family, friends and other important individuals of the individual's life. It has 3 subscales of perceived social support by the family, social support received from friends and social support received by others. The internal reliability of this tool for subscales has been reported 0.86-0.90 using Cronbach's alpha and 0.86 for the whole questionnaire. In Iranian samples, Cronbach's alpha was reported to be 0.82 to 0.89 [30]. After obtaining the necessary permissions from the relevant authorities and approval of the research at the Ethics Committee of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, the researchers visited the campus and settled there. After checking the conditions for entering the students to study and explain the goals and obtaining informed consent, the lottery was done and samples were selected. After the random allocation of the samples to the experimental and control groups, everyone completed the social support perception questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received ACT twice a week in 90 min through four weeks in the Hamyaran Addiction Recovery Center in Ardabil, whereas the control group did not receive any training. The protocol of the experimental group sessions was based on the ACT by Hees et al. book [31] (Table 1). After group counseling sessions, both groups were evaluated and compared to obtain post-test scores. During the implementation of the research, the following points were observed in order to respect the human rights of the subjects as well: - Obtaining consent from subjects about the purpose of research after making them informed. - informing all participants about the research objectives; - Providing the results of each subject if desired; - Observing the principle of trust and confidentiality of the results of the tests and performance of all subjects; - the fact that the subjects are free to leave the research or to stop the quizzes at each stage and conditions; - Providing a summary of the overall research outcomes to interested contributors. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used by SPSS 22 software. The assumptions of this test, namely, homogeneity of the matrix of the variance of the components of interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) in the research groups assessed by the Box test, homogeneity of error variances in the studied groups was performed using F Levine's test and to determine the effect of the group on the components of interpersonal needs Wilk's Lambda was used.
Findings by Text
20 subjects were married and 10 subjects were single. 15 subjects had secondary school education, 9 samples had diploma and 6 subjects had Bachelor degree. 7 samples were in the age group of 25-30 years, 4 samples in the age group of 31-35, 4 samples in the age group of 36-40, 7 samples in the age group of 41-45 and subjects were in the age group of 46-50 years old. 15 samples had a history of 10 to 5 years of drug use, 8 samples had a history of 11 to 15 years, 4 samples had a history of 16 to 20 years, and 3 samples had a history of 21-25 years of drug use. The difference in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups was significant in family social support perception (F = 7.782; p = 0.01) and social support perceived by friends (p <0.01, F = 34.276), however, there was no significant difference in the perceived social support from others (p = 0.327; F= 0.998; Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
The first finding of the study was that ACT was effective in increasing the perceived social support of the addicted individuals’ families is consistent with the Shakernejad et al. [32] Samadi & Doostkam [33] and Younesi et al. [34] results. The second finding of the study was that ACT was effective in increasing social perception of addicts' friends, which is consistent with the findings of Noroozi et al. [35], Noori et al. [36] and Azade et al. [37]. ... [38]. The third finding of this research suggests that ACT was effective in increasing the perceived social support of others in addicts and after intervention, the experimental group did not have more social perceptions of others than the control group. No research was found on the effectiveness of ACT on the perception of social support by others in library and online investigations.
Suggestions
This research was done on male subjects, so it suggested that future studies be done on two sex groups and the results be compared.
Limitations
This research was done on only male subjects, so the results can not be generalized.
Conclusions
ACT-based intervention increases the perceived social protection from the family and friends of addicts.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the officials of the Hamyaran Addiction Recovery Center in Ardabil amd all the addicts at the center who helped us with this research.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Ethical Permissions
This study was registered in the Ethics Committee of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (Ethics Code: 145).
Funding Sources
This research was entirely supported by the authors and no financial support was received.

TABLES and CHARTS

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