ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Akhlaghi   Monir Sadat (1*)
Zahedi   Mohammad Javad (2)
Ahmadnia   Shirin (3)






(1*) Media Management Department, Management Faculty, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Sociology Department, Management Faculty, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(3) Social Planning Department, Urban & Regional, Social Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: West Tehran Branch, Payame Noor University, Shahid Bagheri Town, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1495933399
Phone: 02144011934
Fax: -
monir_akhlaghi@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  April  28, 2018
Accepted:  October 21, 2018
ePublished:  December 20, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


Providing the accurate and timely information and cooperation are one of the most important essentials in healthcare not only for the patient, but also his relatives and families. ... [1].

.. [2, 3]. Delivering health messages in the waiting rooms in hospitals and clinics is one of the innovative strategies to achieve educational goals, where patients and their families sometimes spend a lot of time waiting for services [4, 5]. ... [6]. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is used as a method for delivering health messages to a large number of patients referring to the hospital. CCTV is a useful technology to support health education activities for patients and their families. It can be effective in prevention and healthcare, increased general information on healthcare interventions and promoting healthy lifestyles completing other educational methods, and also improving the experiences of patients and those who refer through hospitalization or when they are waiting for visiting patients. In addition, CCTV can be considered as an innovative method in hospitals for patient training [7]. ... [8].

This study was conducted for investigating the effect of delivering health messages on knowledge, satisfaction and anxiety of those who were waiting in the waiting room of the Tehran heart center.

This research is a quasi-experimental study.

This study was done on patients’ companions waiting in the waiting room of the Tehran heart center in 2017.

The sample size was estimated 196 subjects using Cochran formula and based on the variance derived from the initial study on 20 participants. Working days were considered about 20 days in the month (except for Thursdays and Fridays) and since the patients’ companions were referred approximately equal each day, accordingly the participants were selected each day by available sampling method. Inclusion criteria were the subjects who aged at least 18 years, reading and writing ability, and the informed consent for participation in the study. No participation in the pre-test, leaving the study or withdrawal through the intervention, and visual and auditory problems were regarded as exclusion criteria.

Data was collected using a three-part questionnaire. The first part was a 7-item demographic form, including gender, age, marital status, education, occupation and city of residence. The second part included the 20-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on the five-point Likert scale to evaluate the current state of anxiety of the subjects. ... [10, 11]. The third part consisted of three dimensions, including knowledge, satisfaction, and quality of health messages with 22 items, designed based on relevant articles and the experts’ opinion according to the study objectives. Moreover, 10 questions were considered based on the 6 criteria for designing messages (the video, time, content, location, presentation method, quality of video) to evaluate the quality of health messages on a five-point Likert scale (too little to too high). The researcher-made questionnaire was used only in the post-test. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the opinions from the relevant experts and statisticians, one health education specialist, and one nurse educator. The final questionnaire was prepared according to the comments and making corrections. The reliability of the questionnaire was also determined through a preliminary experimental study on 20 subjects of the studied population, based on which reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each part. Its consistency was obtained based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.72, 0.83 and 0.72 for awareness, satisfaction and health messages, respectively. Data was collected before and after the intervention. Prior each session of the intervention, the researcher was referred to the waiting room of the hospital and made the subjects informed about the study and its objectives as well as how to answer the questionnaire. The informed consent was obtained from the patients’ companions and they were assured that their names are not needed to be written and also were assured about the confidentiality of the information, the questionnaires then were distributed. A provided video (17 min 35 s) introducing educational, convincing, and healthcare education messages on cardiovascular disease as written messages, images, and short films was displayed by the researcher at a certain time via CCTV of the waiting room after the pre-test. After the intervention, participants were asked to complete the questionnaire as well as STAI. The intervention sessions lasted 45 min to 1 h for two and a half months. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software by descriptive statistics, paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

54.6% of the participants (107 subjects) were men and 45.4% (89 subjects) were female. The mean age of participants was 41.3±12.2 years with the 18 to 72 years age range. Most of the participants had diploma (33.2%) and were married The majority of participants were the family members of the patients (84.2%), followed by friends or relatives (12.2%), and the patient (6.3%) as the lowest number (Table 1). The quality of the video to deliver messages was measured based on four features, including the speech, image, light and sound. Most of the participants (79.1% (155 subjects)) were satisfied with the quality of the video, whereas 20.9% (41 subjects) were not satisfied with its quality as follows: 15 subjects with quality of speech, 14 subjects with the quality of sound, 9 subjects with the quality of images, and 3 of them with the quality of provided light. The scores obtained from knowledgeand satisfaction of the subjects as well as the quality of health messages content were higher than the expected average score indicating that the answers to the studied factors were desirable (Table 2). There was a positive and significant correlation between knowledge (r=0.480) and satisfaction (r=0.375) with the quality of health messages content (p=0.001). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of participants' anxiety before and after the intervention indicating the effectiveness of intervention in reducing anxiety (p<0.001; Table 3).

The results of this study are consistent with the results of Roberts & Farhana [12] study, in which they showed that educational video on epilepsy was effective in increasing knowledgeand improving attitudes towards epilepsy. It was easily accepted, which indicates the effectiveness of using simple and cost-effective educational intervention containing specific information which emotionally involves the viewer, increases knowledgeand reduces negative thinking about epilepsy in the targeted group. Findings of the study by Krouse showed that video modeling can have a positive effect on reducing anxiety. In fact, using video modeling has potential benefits in clinical practice to facilitate knowledge acquisition, reduce initial anxiety and improve self-care behaviors [13]. Lenczowski et al. also found that a short video with simple words to transfer an understandable issue can be an effective method to educate and provide health information to individuals in clinics [14]. Although the details of an educational program might be forgotten, but the certain concept based on which the program is made can be understood [15]. ... [16, 17].

It is suggested in future studies the control group with the same characteristics as the test group to be used.

Planning to design visual health messages according to the hospital priorities and the referrals as well as being considerable and understandable to the public was the most important limitation of the present study.

Using educational strategy for patients’ companions at the waiting room in clinics through video/CCTV is effective in providing health knowledge and can attract attention and satisfaction and reduce their anxiety.

The authors are thankful to all officials and staff at the Tehran heart center and all the participants in the study.

None declared.

All ethical considerations, including the Helsinki Declaration as well as the informed consent of the participants were regarded, and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the university.

This study is extracted from a Master's thesis on Media Management (Project Number: 39308) that has been done without any financial support.

TABLES and CHARTS

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CITIATION LINKS

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