ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Ahmadi   Z. (1)
Moradi   M. (2)
Abedi   B. (*)






(*) Physical Education Department, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
(1) Physical Education Department, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
(2) Physical Education Department, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Physical Education Department, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat Branch, Daneshgah Street, Ayatollah Khamenei Boulevard, Mahallat, Markazi Province, Iran. Postal Code: 3781958514
Phone: +98 (86) 43257554
Fax: +98 (86) 43257555
abedi@iaumahallat.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  March  22, 2016
Accepted:  July 17, 2016
ePublished:  August 31, 2016

BRIEF TEXT


… [1-4]. In classification of lung diseases, chemical weapon patients have been located in chronic bronchitis group. In clinical terms, this situation is determined with reduction in Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) [5].

… [6-11]. In Gestel et al. study regarding forecasting the role of sport in loss of oxygen and FEV1 in patients with chronic obstructive airways and lungs in Germany Zurich University Hospital, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO2), Carbon dioxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured during a 6minute walking test and physical activity was tested by an accelerometer. The results showed that exercise-induced oxygen desaturation was associated with daily activates [12].

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of breathing exercises on lung volumes and fatigue of chemical veterans.

The study was applied and semi-experimental.

This study was conducted in 2016 in Arak city.

23 pulmonary chemical veterans who had exposed to mustard gas were selected based on purposeful sampling method. Inclusion criteria were certainty of exposure to mustard gas, confirmation of the diagnosis of chronic lung disease according to clinical and laboratory findings, and lack of treatment with conflicting drugs before the intervention. Exclusion criteria were the history of smoking, heart diseases, and lung cancer or family history of asthma. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n=13) and control (n=10).

Before placement of people in pretest condition, lung function test was performed in the control and experimental groups and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was completed by both groups. … [13-14]. Fatigue Severity Scale includes 9 questions with a visual graph of zero (no fatigue) to 7 (extreme fatigue). The fatigue rate is being obtained from the patients` acquired scores in responding to 9 questions in this scale. Those who earn a total score of 36 and higher are recognized as people with symptoms of fatigue and people who earn score less than 36 are recognized as ones without signs of fatigue [15]. … [16]. The experimental group participated in an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation program, while the control group were asked to continue their daily activities as before and do not start any new activity without notice. The experimental group exercises consisted of eight week exercises with the frequency of 3 times a week between 15:15 till 16 pm. Each session lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. The training was started with simple stretching movements which involved most of the muscles in three different positions (standing, sitting, and lying down) on the mattress without needing any special equipment. Then two types of breathing exercises including breathing exercises with pursed lips and diaphragmatic breathing in standing and sitting positions. At the end, some simple stretching exercises were done for cooling body and recovery. Respiratory rate (RR) was controlled by a colleague who was not aware of the study and it was recorded in the checklist. At the beginning of the session, demographic and anthropometric data of all the patients were recorded in the checklist. Then, the samples were trained to breathe with pursed lips. Contents of training sessions for all patients were similar that was presented by speech and practice. In this breathing method, the patient breathe through the nose with the mouth closed for at least 2-3 seconds and removes the air from the mouth and lips with pursed lips during 4-6 seconds. The researcher would do the breathing 2-3 times with pursed lips. Then, the patients were asked to practice this technique. Patients, also, were watching the effect of their breathing on monitor screen of pulse oximeter in order to be encouraged by feedback to continue Pursed Lip Breathing (PLB) at home. At the end of training session, the patients were asked to do PLB in bed time and before each meal for at least 30-45 minutes. The control patients had their condition before the study and did not do any exercise. 24 hours after the exercise in the experimental group, posttest was performed in both groups. Spirometer test was taken under medical supervision and laboratory experts in pretest and posttest. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 statistical software and through descriptive and inferential statistics. In terms of descriptive statistics, metrics such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency distribution table related to age, height, and weight were used. In terms of inferential statistics, after being assure of normality through Shapiro Wilks test, to determine the effect of eight weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation on lung volume, forced volume capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, and the veterans` fatigue before and after exercise in the experimental group, paired t-test (within group) and to determine the difference between experimental and control groups after the exercise, ANCOVA was used.

The mean age of participants in the study was 53.50±4.70 years and their mean weight was 74.10±4.70 kg. Both control and experimental groups were similar in terms of demographic variables (table 1; p>0.05). Breathing exercises increased the mean FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FVC and decreased the mean fatigue in the experimental group that these changes were statistically significant (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the pretest and posttest in the control group (table 2; p>0.05). The mean difference of posttest between the control and experimental groups, after the control and elimination of the effect of pretest was significant (p<0.05). Therefore, the exercise method was effective in reducing pulmonary volumes and fatigue in the veterans compared to the control group.

… [17]. Fisher et al. [18], and Gromby and Soderholm [19] stated that the vital capacity or the maximum amount of the air that can be removed through an exhale after a deep inhale is being measured in a clinic as lung function and provides useful information about respiratory muscle strength and lung function. The amount of air exhaled fast in the first second provides valuable information of resistance of airways. … [20-34].

It is recommended that the situation of these injuries at this age group be followed-up at regular intervals.

Of the limitations of this study was difficulty of gathering all the participants for conducting the research. Another limitation was lack of internal and external sources to compare the results.

Breathing exercises can lead to improved respiratory patterns and reduce the fatigue levels in veterans.

This article has been implemented with the support of the Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University of Mahalat that we appreciate the respectful colleagues in this section.

Non-declared

This study was confirmed in the ethics committee of Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University of Mahalat. In addition, written consent was achieved from the participants.

This article has been taken from the thesis titled ”The Effect of Breathing Exercises on The Pulmonary Volumes and Fatigue of Chemical Veterans in MA Level in 2016 with the code 20021404922023 which has been conducted with the support from Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University of Mahalat.

TABLES and CHARTS

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