@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(1):1-11

Background
… [1-10] Launaea acanthodes is used as an herbal medicine to treat some diseases like diabetes and to decrease blood sugar [11]. Some compounds such as poly-saccharides and mono-saccharides have detected in the extract of the herb [12]. Since the extract also contains flavonoids compounds, it might be used to treat the effects of diabetes [13]. … [14-16]
Previous Studies
There are few studies showing that Launaea nudicaulis reduces blood glucose level. In traditional medicine, Launaea arborescens is used to treat diabetes and its effects [11]. Ethanol extract of Launaea acanthodes reduces blood glucose level of diabetic rats [17]. There is no study about the effects of Launaea acanthodes on treatment of diabetic open wound.
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes on the treatment process of skin open wound in the diabetic rats.
Research type
This is a laboratory experimental study.
Research society, place and time
Adult male Wistar rats aged approximately 11-13weeks and weighing 175-185g were studied in Animal Research Laboratory of Biology Department of Mashhad Payam-e-Noor University (Iran) in 2014.
Sampling method and number
32 rats bought from Mashhad Razi Serum and Vaccines Institute were studied. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups each containing 8 rats including “healthy control”, “diabetic control”, “1st diabetic”, and “2nd diabetic” groups.
Used devices&materials
Launaea acanthodes having been collected form an area between Mashhad and Neyshaboor (Iran), its aqueous extract was prepared using a soxhelt. The rats were kept at 22-24°c and 12-hour darkness/light cycle. Insulin-dependent diabetes was done through an intra-peritoneal injection of 120mg per body kg weight of alloxan monohydrates (Sigma-Aldrich; Germany). Citrate buffer was used as alloxan solvent. Injection was done in diabetic control and 1st and 2nd diabetic groups. 300mg/dl blood sugar and higher levels were assumed as diabetic cases [18]. Back hairs of the animal having been removed, totally four 7mm-diameter wounds were created. The wound’s depth contains dermis and hypo-dermis. The day of wound creation was assumed as day zero [18]. Wounds of healthy and diabetic control samples, 1st diabetic samples, and 2nd diabetic samples were treated for 12 days with eucerin (local treatment), 10% and 20% pomade of aqueous extract of the herb (local treatment), respectively. At each day of days 3, 6, 9, and 12, 2 rats were killed using diethyl ether (Merck; Germany) and then, 7mm-diameter samples were removed from the treating wounds. Tissue cross-sections were studied using a light microscope (Olympus CX21; Japan) [18]. The wound diameters were measured in mm at days 3, 6, 9, and 12, using a caliper. Then, each wound area was computed in mm² through πd²/4 formula (“d” showing the wound diameter). Wound treatment percentage at day X was computed by “Wound Area at Day X/Wound Area at Day 1)×100” formula. Data was analyzed, using SPSS 20 software and Kruskal-Wallis Non-parametric ANOVA. Tukey Post-hoc test was used to compare the groups in pair. … [19]
Findings by Text
Maximum and minimum concentrations of the inflammatory cells in healthy control, diabetic control, and 10% and 20% treatment groups were in days 3 and 12, 9 and 3, and 6 and 12, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of the inflammatory cells at days 3 and 6 in the diabetic control samples than healthy control samples. There was a significant increase in the mean number of the inflammatory cells in 10% treatment group at days 3 and 6, as well as in 20% treatment group at days 3 and 6, compared to diabetic control group. Mean number of the inflammatory cells at days 3 and 6 in 20% treatment group increased compared to 10% treatment group. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference. There was a significant increase in the mean number of the inflammatory cells at days 9 and 12 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was a significant decrease in the number of inflammatory cells at day 12 in 10% and 20% treatment groups compared to diabetic control group. There was an increase in the mean number of the inflammatory cells at days 9 and 12 in 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment group, though not significant (Fig. 1; Table 1). Maximum and minimum mean thicknesses of epithelium in the samples of healthy control, diabetic control, 1st experimental, and 2nd experimental groups were observed at days 6 and 12, 12 and 3, 9 and 12, and 6 and 12, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the mean thickness of epithelium at days 3 and 6 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was a significant increase in the mean thickness of epithelium in 10% treatment group at days 3 and 6, as well as 20% treatment group at days 3 and 6, compared to diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of epithelium at days 3 and 6 between 20% treatment group and 10% treatment group. There was a significant decrease in the mean thickness of the epithelium at days 9 and 12 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was a significant increase in the mean thickness of the epithelium at day 9 in 10% and 20% treatment groups compared to diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of the epithelium at day 12 between 10% and 20% treatment groups, compared to diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of the epithelium at days 9 and 12 in the samples of 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment groups (Fig. 2; Table 1). Maximum and minimum mean concentrations of blood vessels in healthy control, diabetic control, 1st experimental, and 2nd experimental groups were observed at days 6 and 12, 12 and 3, 6 and 3, and 6 and 12, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of blood vessels at days 3 and 6 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of blood vessels at days 3 and 6 in 10% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant increase in the mean concentration of blood vessels at days 3 and 6 in 20% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of blood vessels at days 3 and 6 in 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment group. There was a significant decrease in the mean concentration of blood vessels at days 9 and 12 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of blood vessels at day 9 in 10% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant decrease in the mean concentration of blood vessels at day 12 in 20% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant decrease in the mean concentration of blood vessels at day 12 in 10% and 20% treatment groups compared to diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of blood vessels at days 3 and 6 in the samples of 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment group (Fig. 3; Table 1). There was a significant decrease in the mean percentage of wound treatment at days 3, 6, 9, and 12 in diabetic control group compared to healthy control group. There was a significant increase in the mean percentage of wound treatment at days 9 ad 12 in 10% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant increase in the mean percentage of wound treatment at days 9 and 12 in 20% treatment group compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant increase in the mean percentage of wound treatment at day 3 in 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment group. There was no significant difference in the percentage of wound treatment at days 6, 9, and 12 in 20% treatment group compared to 10% treatment group (Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
Based on the present results, diabetes can reduce the concentration of the inflammatory cells, epithelialization, and concentration of the blood vessels during wound treatment process. There has been a faster treatment process in the wounds of the diabetic rats treated locally by vitamin A. In addition, local treatment with vitamin A leads to a considerable hypertrophy of epidermis and dermis, creation of new blood vessels, and more inflammatory cells [20]. One-week local use of vitamin A leads to an increase in the granulation tissue at the edge of the wound, and after a 4-week treatment period, further stimulate in the granulation tissue, new vessel tissues, and new collagen synthesis are observed [21]. … [22-25] The utilization of the aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes led to an equilibrium level of vitamin C at the wound area, which resulted in a faster wound treatment process. There is a direct correlation between anti-diabetic effects of the herbs and their anti-oxidant property [15, 26]. …[27-32]
Suggestions
Different densities of the extract of Launaea acanthodes, compound effects of the extract and some materials such as honey, and effects of the products of biochemical analysis of the extract should be studied in the wound treatment process.
Limitations
Sanitary control on the wounds and preventing deaths due to infection were of the limitations for the present study.
Conclusions
Accelerating the process of inflammation, the proliferation of epithelium cells, and the formation of blood vessels, aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes affects wound treatment process and leads to a higher percentage of diabetic wound healing.
Acknowledgments
The advisor teachers are appreciated.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
International guide lines and all ethical rules to treat laboratory animals were observed.
Funding Sources
The study was funded by Payam-e-Noor University.

TABLES and CHARTS

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