@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(3):223-227

Background
Patients admitted to the intensive care unit often have weakened respiratory activities because of different causes such as artificial airways that this issue reduces the cleaning power of their protozoan cells for pulmonary secretions [1].
Previous Studies
… [2-21]. The limbic system is the center of the sensation in the brain that can secrete serotonin, encephalin, and endorphins in response to stress [22, 23]. Regarding the effect of lavender essential oil on pain relief, several studies have been carried out on postpartum pain that their results suggest that extract of lavender can be effective in reducing postpartum pain and cesarean [24, 25].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lavender inhalant on pain during endotracheal suctioning in ICU patients.
Research type
The present study is a double blind, randomized, controlled trial.
Research society, place and time
This study was performed on 60 patients who were admitted to ICU in Shahid Modarres Hospital in Kashmar in 2017.
Sampling method and number
The patients were randomly selected and assigned into two groups of control and experimental (each group was 30).
Used devices&materials
In both groups, the standard suction was performed by a research using Green Nilton (No.14) for 15 seconds at a pressure of 120 mm Hg with a depth of 1 cm above carina (the place of chip plating). In the test group, before the standard suctioning operation, the lavender essential oil prepared by distilled water at a concentration of 2%, was used purely with constant volume of 150 cc, by using a high degree of ventilator for 5 minutes. In the last 3 minutes, 100% oxygen was given to the patient with 100% oxygen button on the ventilator for 3 minutes. Then, standard suction was applied to the patient. In the control group, only distilled water was used in the humidifier. In both groups the patient's pain was recorded before and during suction based on the CPOT (Critical Pain Observation Tool) survey by a contributor without knowledge of intervention. Statistical analysis: Normality of data distribution was investigated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software using independent t-test, paired t-test, Fisher test and Mann-Whitney test at a significant level less than 5%.
Findings by Text
The mean age of the research units was 59.00±26.26 years. Of the 60 subjects, 28 (46.7%) were male and 32 (53.3%) were female. All patients had an endotracheal tube and attached to a ventilator under the SIMV mode. The two groups were homogenous in terms of other demographic and clinical variables (p>0.05, Table 1). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of pain before endotracheal suctioning. However, significant difference was observed between the amounts of pain during endotracheal suctioning in both groups i.e. the pain was increased in both groups during tracheal suctioning. However, this increase was more in the control group. There was a significant difference between the amount of pain before and during endotracheal suctioning in the two groups (Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
The results of the study by Mohammad Khani Shahri et al. indicate that masticatory aromatherapy with lavender essential oil significantly reduce pain during delivery [29]. Also, the results of the study by Ahmadi et al. [30], Seraji and Vakilian[31], and Vakilian et al. [32], also, indicated that inhalant of lavender significantly reduces the pain of delivery in the experimental group that is consistent with our study. This is while in the study by Vakilian et al. lavender essential did not reduce pain after episiotomy [32] which was not consistent with the results of our study.
Suggestions
Given the controversial findings in this regard, it seems that further research is needed in this domain.
Limitations
Of the limitations of this study are the use of observer and subjective tools that can be a problem in determining the exact amount of pain that an attempt was made to reduce the limitations using a trained researcher.
Conclusions
Lavender inhalant is effective in reducing pain during endotracheal suctioning in ICU patients.
Acknowledgments
At the end, the Graduate Council and Research Council of the Student Research Committee of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences and respectful colleagues of the Shahid Modarres Hospital in Kashmar, and all the patients participating in this study and their families are greatly appreciated.
Conflict of interest

Ethical Permissions
This project was registered at the Ethics Committee of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences with the code R.GMU.REC.1395.7 and at the Iranian Center for Clinical Trials with IRCT2016103030590N1.
Funding Sources
This article is a part of the dissertation on graduate nursing specialist of nursing in Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Gonabad Univeristy of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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