@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2251-8215    Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2019;3(2):65-69

Background
Pregnancy transiently causes immunosuppression, which increases the risk of infection in pregnant women [1]. As infections such as congenital rubella are controlled by vaccination, an infection caused by Toxoplasma, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that can cause intrauterine infections and fetal abnormalities have been considered [2].
Previous Studies
... [3-9]. CMV and VZV are from herpes viruses and potentially teratogenic [10]. ... [11]. VZV is one of the several infections that it has serious complications for pregnant women and their fetus [12]. ... [13-16]. Rubella is a mild infectious disease that occurs after childhood vaccination [17].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and immunity of toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, and VZV infections in pregnant women.
Research type
This is a descriptive study.
Research society, place and time
This study was performed on the basis of normal data of people, who were referred to Sarem Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2016.
Sampling method and number
Data collection was based on 1237 patients' records.
Used devices&materials
The data including toxo (Toxo IgM and Toxo IgG), CMV (CMV IgG and CMV IgM), rubella (Rubella IgM and Rubella IgG), and VZV (VZV IgM and VZV IgG) tests were extracted. The experiments were carried by ELISA method, using commercial kits (Vircell; Spain). Data analysis was performed, using SPSS 22 software.
Findings by Text
The mean age of the women was 32.00±4.97 years, each of whom had performed one or more of the tests in this study. 40.4% of the subjects were in the age group of 31-35 years old. Of all the tests, 975 cases were for Toxo IgM (78.4%), 977 cases for Toxo IgG (78.5%), 878 cases for Rubella IgM (70.6%), 875 cases for Rubella IgG (70.4%) 604 cases for CMV IgM (48.6%), 605 cases for CMV IgG (48.7%), 394 cases for VZV IgM (31.7%), and 393 cases for VZV IgG (31.6%). Toxo IgM test was negative in 972 (99.7%) patients and positive only in 0.3% of them. The mean age of the positive and negative results was 31.91±5.00 and 33±2 years, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Rubella IgM test was negative in all subjects, who performed the test and the mean age of the group was 32.52±5.50. Toxo IgG test was positive in 97% of the subjects and negative in 3% of them. The mean age of the positive and negative cases related to this test was 31.84±4.90 and 34.5±17.5 years, which was not statistically significant (p=0.14). Rubella IgG test was positive in 757 cases (86.5%) and negative in 118 cases (13.5%). The mean age of the positive and negative results was 32.29±5.30 and 31.75±4.84 years, which was not statistically significant (p=0.307). CMV IgM test was negative in 99.8% and positive only in 0.2%. The mean age of subjects with a negative test was 31.64±4.80 and 41.0±1.2 years in subjects with a positive test. The CMV IgG test was positive in 86.8% of the patients. The mean age of the positive and negative cases of CMV IgG was 31.40± 29.71 and 34.67±6.83, respectively. VZV IgM test was negative in all cases (100%), but the VZV IgG test was positive in 98.5% and negative in 1.5%. The mean age of the positive and negative cases was 31.40±29.71 and 34.67±6.83 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in the age distribution of women in the CMV and VZV IgG positive and negative groups (p>0.05). Regarding the fact that most tests were in women with the age range of 31-35 years, the most positive and negative cases were in the same group.
Main comparison to the similar studies
... [18-24]. In the present study, the prevalence of Toxo IgM and Toxo IgG antibodies was 0.3% and 97%, respectively. Toxoplasma is involved in abortion. In a study in 124 women with abortion history, the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies was 79.03% and 15.32%, respectively [25]. In the present study, 2% of all patients were positive in terms of CMV IgM, indicating an active infection that had recently occurred. In this study, the incidence of CMV infection was reduced in comparison with the study conducted at the Avicenna Infertility Treatment Center, which was performed on 332 CMV IgM tests. In another study, CMV IgM test was reported 5.4% and positive in women of reproductive age [26]. ... [27]. In this study, the safety level to VZV was more than 98.5%. A survey of 290 women in Germany showed 97% of their safety [28]. Also, the IgG anti-VZV antibody level in the assessment of 2807 women in Argentina showed immunity level 98.5% relative to VZV [29]. In this study, immune response to rubella virus in women of reproductive age was 86.5%. In a study, 271 women referring to Birjand Health Center were evaluated; immune response to rubella was reported 95.2% [30].
Suggestions
It is suggested that in future studies, patients, who have performed all the tests, should be evaluated.
Limitations
Limitations of this study may include the lack of adequate information on demographic characteristics of the patients.
Conclusions
99.7% of women in terms of Toxo IgM, 99.8% in terms of CMV IgM and all of them in terms of Rubella IgM and VZV IgM were negative. Also, 97% of the subjects in terms of Toxo IgG, 86.5% in terms of Rubella IgG, 86.8 in terms of CMV IgG, and 98.5% in terms of VZV IgG were positive.
Acknowledgments
None declared by the authors.
Conflict of interest
None declared by the authors.
Ethical Permissions
None declared by the authors.
Funding Sources
None declared by the authors.