@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1): 57-63

Background
Obesity is associated with impaired cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and increased production of adipose tissue hormones. This has been confirmed in Iranian society and many other countries [1].
Previous Studies
... [2-7]. Researchers have shown that sauna baths have a lot of physiological and therapeutic effects as a hot environment, and have shown that exposure to a Finnish sauna bath at 80 ° C has significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure, total serum protein, increased hemoglobin and sodium, potassium, and serum iron levels [8]. Aerobic exercises improve lipid profiles, body composition, and some metabolic parameters of overweight subjects [1, 3, 5]. Another study has shown that aerobic exercise results in a significant reduction in leptin and body fat percentage at the end of the training period, and a significant positive correlation was found between leptin levels and body mass index and fat percentage of subjects in this study [2].
Aim(s)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on serum leptin levels, body composition and lipid profiles of overweight inactive men.
Research type
This research is a semi-experimental study.
Research society, place and time
The population of this study included all inactive young men with an average age of 19 to 25.
Sampling method and number
The method of selecting subjects was that after seeking information and inviting to participate in the sports plan, during a co-ordination meeting, the subjects completed the project, goals and method of conducting the research. At the end of the completed informed consent form, the health questionnaire and Exercise records were medical examinations. Then, 30 subjects were selected from inactive young men with an average age of 19 to 25 who did not have a specific disease and were selected based on International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Subjects have volunteered to be willing to participate in this study after being aware of how they are performing and the potential risks associated with participating in this study. The samples of this study all had a BMI of more than 24 kg / m2, which were selected randomly and based on body mass index, they were placed in three experimental groups including simultaneous aerobic-sauna sessions, continuous aerobic-sauna and resistance training-sauna (each group was 10 people).
Used devices&materials
Simultaneous exercises (periodic aerobics, continuous aerobics, and resistance training) were performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions weekly, and on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays, along with two sessions of the supplemental sauna program on Mondays and Wednesdays. As all active muscles in these movements were practiced in each session. The aerobic periodic exercise program included running from 90 to 95% of the heart rate period in a 4-minute (field tracking) range, repeated 4 times per session, and considered between 2-4 minutes of resting activity. Aerobic continuous exercise program included running with intensity of 65 to 75% of the continuous heart rate in the interval of 36 minutes (field tracking) [1, 10]. Three sessions of resistance training were performed in 3 weeks with 75% intensity of a periodic repetition, each session containing 10 minutes of warm-up at the beginning and then performing Rocking Standing Calf Raise, Side Lateral Raise, bench press work out, Wide-Grip Lat Pulldown and Standing Dumbbell Triceps Extension with the principle of overload, with intervals of rest (3 minute) and moving (1 minute) that at the end of each week, a periodic repetition of all movements was recorded, and intensity was applied depending on the new record, and at the end of resistance training sessions, subjects were cooled for 10 minutes [9]. ... [10].The exercises were held in all three groups at 6 o'clock to 8 o'clock in the afternoon. In the supplemented sauna program, the subjects were inactive for 20 to 30 minutes without any activity inside the dry sauna with a temperature of 80 ° C at the highest step of the sauna that was in line with the thermometer in the sauna [11, 12]. The subjects performed the sauna program at the same time as the main training protocol for two days a week (even days) for eight weeks. The weight of the subjects without shoe with the minimum dresses was calculated using Seca Digital scale made in Germany, with a precision measurement of 0.1 kg. The height was also measured using a wall scale (model 44440 of Kaveh Co., Iran with accuracy ± 0.1 cm) in the standing position at the side of the wall without shoes, while the shoulders were in normal conditions. Body mass index was calculated by dividing the weight per (kg) by square of height (m2). Percentage of fat and body weight was measured using the caliper (Harpenden Model) and pinching technique in seven areas) through the Jackson and Pollock formula. To evaluate blood variables, the blood sampling was taken by a laboratory specialist three days before the start of the training program, and after three days of the last session of the exercise at 10:00 am while the subjects were in fasting. The serum leptin concentration was measured by ELISA method using Japan's Kazabio kits. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software. To ensure the normal distribution of data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test and for comparing changes of variables, three protocols from pre-test to post-test and non-training were analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc test. Also, to calculate the percentage of changes, the formula} (pos-pre)} x100 was used.
Findings by Text
According to Table 1, the eight-week protocol of concurrent training led to a significant decrease in serum leptin levels in obese men. This decrease was higher in aerobic training group than resistance training, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P≥0.05). Changes in weight, fat percentage, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased significantly after concurrent training. This decrease was higher in aerobic training group compared to strength training. However, there was no significant difference between groups (P≥0.05). In lipoprotein cholesterol level, posttest showed significantly increased compared to pretest, and no significant difference was observed between the groups. This decrease was clearer in aerobic training group compared to resistance training gro, which was not statistically significant (P≤0.05).
Main comparison to the similar studies
Resistance exercises in a circle (much like endurance exercises) are another effective factor that reduces serum leptin levels in almost all groups. These findings coincided with the results of some studies that were almost identical in terms of duration, severity, and sex of subjects [3]. It was also consistent with other studies that reported low levels of leptin [4-6]. Concerning the effect of simultaneous exercises and the lack of direct study on the effects of this program on interacting with exercise, the study of other studies related to the effects of aerobic exercise showed that the result of this study was consistent with the results of other studies in this regard [7]. The study of other studies related to the effects of exercise showed that the result of this study was consistent with the results of studies that reported a positive effect on strength training on weight loss and improvement of fat and body composition [13-15]. ... [16-18]. The study of other studies related to the effects of exercise has shown that the result of this study was in line with a study that investigated the effect of aerobic training on non-athlete subjects and improved lipid profiling indicators [19]. ... [20, 21].
Suggestions
It can be suggested that aerobic (periodic and continuous) and resistance training used with supplemental saunas can have positive effects on the improvement of body composition, serum leptin and lipid profiles.
Limitations
None declared.
Conclusions
Interval, continuous and resistance aerobic exercise along with the sauna have a beneficial effect on lipid profile, body composition, and serum leptin concentrations. However, these changes are relatively higher in the aerobic exercise group.
Acknowledgments
Thanks and appreciation for the support and efforts of all the officials and athletes participating in the research who helped researchers in this research.
Conflict of interest
No conflicts of interest have been expressed by the authors.
Ethical Permissions
None declared.
Funding Sources
None declared.

TABLES and CHARTS

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