@2025 Afarand., IRAN

---

ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(2):109-113

Background
Gastric ulcer is due to imbalance between the defense factors of gastric mucosa like mucus secretion, as well as invasive factors like gastric acid secretion [1]. … [2, 3] NSAIDs are administrated for different diseases [4]; however, their complications on stomach and gastrointestinal tract are the main factors limiting the use of these drugs [5]. … [6,7] Medicinal plants have been used for centuries [8]; and Nigella sativa, having many benefits, is currently in use [9]. Thymoquinone, carvacrol, 4-terpincal, and T-anethole are of the main compounds of the herb. Thymoquinone has antioxidant and anticonvulsant properties, and sweeps the free radicals up [9, 14]. According to studies, Nigella sativa seeds have many other properties, including antibacterial [10], relief [11], hypoglycemic [12], smooth muscle relaxant [13], anti-inflammatory [15], anti-worm [16], antihistamines [17], and antihypertensive [18] properties.
Previous Studies
Non-declared
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on acid and gastric mucus secretion in cyclooxygenase inhibition conditions.
Research type
This is an interventional study.
Research society, place and time
Wistar male rats (180g to 220g) from Animal Home of Medicine Faculty of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were studied at the university in 2012-13.
Sampling method and number
40 rats were brought under study.
Used devices&materials
During the experiment, the rats were housed in Animal Room of Medical Faculty in a group, under standard criteria, a proper temperature of22±2℃, and 12-hour light/dark cycle. Using maceration method, 50% hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa was prepared. To evaporate the solvent and obtain the dried extract, the solvent was put into an oven (40℃). To produce different doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), the dried extract was dissolved in the distilled water. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8, as follows: Positive Control Group: Receiving the distilled water for 5 days and then, receiving Indomethacin at a dose of 35mg/kg. 100-group: Receiving Nigella sativa seed extract at a dose of 100mg/kg for 5 days and then, receiving 35mg/kg Indomethacin 200-group: Receiving Nigella sativa seed extract at a dose of 200mg/kg for 5 days and then, receiving 35mg/kg Indomethacin 400-group: Receiving Nigella sativa seed extract at a dose of 400mg/kg for 5 days and then, receiving 35mg/kg Indomethacin Ranitidine Group: Receiving Ranitidine at a dose of 50mg/kg for 5 days and then, receiving 35mg/kg Indomethacin For the rats and for 5 days, Nigella sativa seed extract and Ranitidine at different doses were orally (by gavage) administrated once a day and twice a day, respectively. Then, at 6th day and after 24-hour fasting, Indomethacin was administrated by gavage to the rats. 6 hour after Indomethacin administration, the rats were anesthetized, using 80mg/kg ketamine and 8mg/kg xylazine; and pyloric section of their stomach was obstructed for one hour, using suture. After one hour, collecting gastric juice, the stomach was removed. The gastric juice was centrifuged for 10 minutes and with a velocity of 2000 rpm. After taking, the solvent on the top of the tube was tilled by 0.01 normal NaOH. The acid normality was computed with N1V1=N2V2 formula. After removing from abdominal cavity, stomach tissue was washed; and gastric mucus was studied. Corne method was used to measure gastric mucus [19]. Data were analyzed, using SPSS 11.5 software. One-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups.
Findings by Text
In spite of statistically insignificance, there was increase in acid out-put in groups receiving the extract (100, 200, and 400mg per kg body weight) and receiving Ranitidine (50mg per kg body weight), than control group did (Diagram 1). There was significant increase in gastric mucus secretion in groups receiving the extract at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg, than control group did (Diagram 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
… [20-27] The results are consistent with those of another study showing no significant change in free acidity in case of Nigella sativa oil administration to healthy animals, while showing increase in free acidity in animals receiving Nigella sativa oil before gastric ulcer induction [28]. … [29] The results of the present study, showing unsuccessful Ranitidine action to acid secretion reduction, are to some extent consistent with those of another study showing no PH increase by Ranitidine and revealing reduction in Ranitidine effect on gastric acid suppression through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by Indomethacin [30].
Suggestions
The produced prostaglandin due to Nigella sativa seed extract in gastric juice and its expression in the stomach tissue ought to be measured. In addition, effects of Nigella sativa seed on pepsin, superoxide dismutase catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase, as well as expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in gastric ulcer, ought to be investigated.
Limitations
There was no limitation.
Conclusions
Increasing mucus secretion, Nigella sativa seed extract can protect gastric mucosa against injuries caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Nevertheless, it cannot reduce secretion of the acid increased by Indomethacin.
Acknowledgments
The researchers feel grateful to the research deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
All procedures were approved by Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Funding Sources
The research deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences funded the research.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file