@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(3):169-174

Background
… [1-3] Celery (Apium Graveolens) is one of the medical plants and one of its kinds is Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian [4]. This plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family [5]. … [6] Analgesic and anti-inflammatory [7], sedative [8], fibrinolytic [9], acid and pepsin reductive [10], and memory reinforcing [11] effects of this plant has been observed. This plant has flavonoid compounds, phthalate compounds, fatty acids and phenolic substances that have cancer preventive effects [12] and liver protective effect [13]. This plant has free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant effects [14]. … [15-19]
Previous Studies
Celery extract can increase the severity and effect duration of phenobarbital and aminopyrine [20]. No previous study on uterus muscles was found.
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian on uterus contractions of Wistar mature rats.
Research type
This is an experimental study.
Research society, place and time
Adult female Wistar rats from animal home of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were studied.
Sampling method and number
16 rats were studied. Sample size was based on similar articles.
Used devices&materials
Rats were kept in appropriate cages at animal home at 20-24°C, suitable humidity, in 14 hours of light cycle, and 10 hours of darkness and had free access to food and water. Inclusion criterion was being female Wistar rats, and exclusion criterion was being mature pregnant rats. The rats were divided randomly into two groups of 8 samples, including the group receiving Tyrode solution (group I) and the group receiving De Jalon solution (Group II). To prepare alcoholic extract of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian,, maceration was used. The extraction procedure was performed at 15-20°C using ethanol 70%. Extraction was repeated twice [21-23]. Alcohol used in this method was evaporated and was ineffective in the experiment result. After anesthesia and cutting the animal`s stomach in the midline, a segment with length of 10 to 15 millimeter was separated from the middle of uterine horn. Then these parts were washed immediately with De Jalon solution including Cacl2 (1.8 mmol/l), KCL (2.68 mmol/l), 3NaHCO3 (11.9 mmol/l), Mgcl2 (1.05 mmol/l), NaH2PO4 (0.42mmol/l), NaCl (137mmol/l) and glucose (5.5mmol/l) or Tyrode including Cacl2 (0.3 mmol/l), Mgcl2 (1.4mmol/l), NaCl (154 mmol/l), KCl (5/6 mmol/l), NaHCO3 (1.7 mmol/l) and cold and oxygenated glucose (5.5 mmol/l) [14]. … [24] Tissue bath temperature was 29°C and tissue adaptation duration was 45 to 60 minutes, during which bath solution was changed every 15 minutes. Uterine contractions were recorded on paper by physiography (Harvard Universal Oscillograph; England) at a speed of 0.1mm per second. In the first group, in which standard Tyrode solution was used, contraction was induced using potassium chlorate with concentration of 60mmol. Contractile responses were recorded in the presence of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian extract with final concentrations 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125mg/ml. Also, in the second group, De Jalon solution was used. Contraction was induced using oxytocin (Weimer Pharma; Germany) with concentration of 10 mili unit/ml. In this solution, the rate of spontaneous movement of uterine is much lower. Therefore, contractions induced by oxytocin are not mixed with spontaneous contractions. Contractile responses were recorded in the presence of Kelussia Odoratiissima Mozaffarian with final concentrations 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125mg/ml. During two separate stages and with a 10- minute interval, 3-minute effect of oxytocin or potassium chlorate was recorded. In the next step and after 10-minute rest-time, oxytocin or potassium chlorate was added again with the same concentration to the tissue bath. After a minute of presence of potassium chlorate or oxytocin, extract with the final concentration 0.125mg/ml was added to the tissue bath with two minutes to appear its effect. After washing stage and 10-minute rest-time, similar to the previous stage, potassium chlorate or oxytocin was added to bath but this time with higher concentrations 0.5 and 0.25mg/ml [25]. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. The percentage of changes in contractile force of uterine tissue was calculated as mean. To compare the inhibitory effects of different concentration of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian in each group, Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance was used. … [26, 27]
Findings by Text
The maximum contractions induced by cholera potassium and oxytocin were considered 100% and the effect of different concentrations of extract of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian was measured with it. Extract of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian, dose-dependently, reduced the contractile force of uterus of rats induced by cholera potassium as well as the contractile force of uterus of rats induced by oxytocin (table 1).
Main comparison to the similar studies
Hydro-alcoholic extract of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian leaves prepared from Koohrang area of Chaharmahar and Bakhtiari (Iran) could reduce the uterine contractions induced by cholera potassium and oxytocin in Wistar rats. Reduction of uterine contractions was significant in both cases and was dependent on the concentration of alcoholic extraction of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozafarian. Oxytocin, also, bound to its specific receptors increases the entry of calcium through calcium channels which are dependent to L-type voltage, and on the other hand, activating phospholipase C enzyme increases the synthesis of inositol triphosphate (IP3) which in turn causes the release of calcium from intracellular sources [28]. Z-ligustilide which causes relaxation of smooth muscle increases the blood circulation and has anti-asthma and antipathetic effects. Also, it prevents cerebral ischemia through antioxidant anti-apoptotic mechanisms [8, 29]. Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaffarian is a rich source of Z-ligustilide [29]. Butylene phthalate and Z isomers inhibit contractions induced by cholera potassium and phenylephrine in blood vessels. In addition to the effect of calcium channel sensitive to voltage, another mechanism in the central nervous system suggested for the effects of E-ligustilide, is inhibition by adrenergic system as well as inhibition by activating GABA-A receptors [30]. Phthalates in Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian leaves have inhibitory effects on prostaglandin F2α [31]. These prostaglandins cause contraction in various isolated tissues such as uterus, trachea, ileum and blood vessels [32, 33]. … [34, 35]
Suggestions
Animal studies should be carried out to determine the mutation potentiality of this substance.
Limitations
The limitations of this study were prolongation of time and crush of the uterine tissue when it was being hooked to a steel rod. The impacts of hitting oxygen bubbles in the bath tissue to the uterus tissue caused the error in recording of contractions.
Conclusions
Alcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian has a contraction-dependent inhibitory effect on uterine contractions of Wistar rats induced by cholera potassium and oxytocin.
Acknowledgments
Medicinal Plants Research Center and Research Department of the University of Medical Sciences are appreciated.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
In all stages of experiment, standard procedures related to ethical considerations of working with animals were observed.
Funding Sources
In all stages of experiment, standard procedures related to ethical considerations of working with animals were observed.

TABLES and CHARTS

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