ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Kazemi   R. (*)
Hasani Sooha   Sh. (1)
Didehroshani   S. (1)






(*) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Humanities Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ardabil, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Phone: +98 (45) 33240374
Fax: +98 (45) 33721507
dr_reza.kazemi@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  September  25, 2017
Accepted:  March 7, 2018
ePublished:  March 25, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


‎... [1, 2]. Eradication of addiction is almost impossible, but planned efforts should be made to prevent the spread ‎of addiction and treat addicts. Studies indicate that in addition to medication therapy, other therapies such as ‎psychotherapy, group therapy and family therapy can reduce the likelihood of relapses [3]. ... [4]. Motivational ‎interview is a client-centered, directive Method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and ‎resolving ambivalence [5]. ... [6, 7].‎

‎… [8]. Motivation is of particular importance in treatment of different physical-psychological disorders [9]. In ‎this vein, in the transtheoretical model of health behavior change proposed by Prochaska, & Diclemente [10] ‎individuals with different levels of readiness and motivation go through 5 stages (precontemplation, ‎contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) to achieve behavioral change. Qasemi et al. [11] show that ‎motivational interview can improve the lifestyle scores among female addicts. Roberk et al. [6] performed a ‎meta-analysis on the effectiveness of motivational interviews in 72 randomized controlled trials in various ‎health care areas including diet, exercise, diabetes and drug abuse and observed significant effect size in 74% of ‎trials. Among studies with a minimum duration of 60 minutes, 81% of the motivational interviewing programs ‎show significant effect size. In general, in 75% of the studies, motivational interviews have been more effective ‎than traditional advices. ... [12-18].‎

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in changing ‎addicts’ lifestyle and reducing their desire to use drugs.‎

This research is a pre-test-post-test semi-experimental study with control group.‎

This research was carried out in the first 3 months of 1395 on all individuals referring to mid-term residential ‎treatment centers in Ardebil.‎

‎30 addicts who referred to mid-term residential treatment centers of Ardabil city were selected by convenience ‎sampling method and were randomly assigned into two groups (experiment and control)‎

The Urge reduction protocol and lifestyle scale [20] that consisted of some subscales such as drug-related beliefs ‎questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.97 [21], Compulsive Behaviors Questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.95 ‎‎[21] and the relapse prediction scale were used for data collection purposes. The validity coefficient of the ‎lifestyle scale was measured by Cronbach's alpha (0.76-0.89) [20]. As for the relapse prediction scale, ‎Firoozabadi has reported the internal consistency of urge power (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.74) and a ‎probability of drug consumption (0.78) [22]. Using the test-retest method within a week, the researcher obtained ‎a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.99 for the power of urse to use and 0.99 for probability of drug consumption. ‎Both groups completed the Urge reduction protocol and lifestyle scale. Motivational interviews were held in eight ‎‎90-minute sessions for the experimental group (Table 1). After completing the interview sessions, the two groups ‎sat an Urge reduction protocol and lifestyle test. The sample group was assured that the principles of secrecy and ‎confidentiality would be observed throughout the research process. A significance testing of differences between ‎the indices’ scores in the experimental and control groups was performed using MANOVA in the SPSS 16 ‎software.‎

Among the subject in the experimental group, 46.7% were at a lower academic level than the high school ‎diploma, 40% had high school diploma and 13.3% were at a higher academic level than the high school diploma. ‎In the control group, 46.7% were at a higher academic level than the high school diploma, 26.7% had a diploma ‎and 26.7% were at a lower academic level than the high school diploma. In the experimental and control groups, ‎‎86.7% and 80% were self-employed, 6.7% and 6.7%, were clerks, 6.7% and 13.3% were unemployed ‎respectively. According to Levin's test results, the hypothesis (homogeneity of variances in all of the two indices ‎in each of the two groups) was confirmed. After the treatment stage, the increase in mean scores of the lifestyle ‎index in the experimental group (91.67±45.39 to 140.46±43.47) was significant (p<0.01; Table 2). Additionally, ‎there was a significant decrease in mean scores of the drug craving index in the experimental group (82.26±20.84 ‎to 34.53±21.41; p<0.01; Table 3). The difference between mean score of lifestyle index (F=14.408) and drug ‎abuse urge index (F=26.345) and their components was significant in experimental and control groups (p<0.01). ‎The scores of drug-related beliefs, slip and relapse, power of urge to use and the likelihood of drug use decreased ‎in the experimental group while the lifestyle score increased (Table 4, 5).‎

The results of the present study are consistent with Navidian [9], and Dehghani Firoozabadi et al. [23] in terms of ‎the effectiveness of the motivational interview in changing the lifestyle of drug addicts. Ghasemi et al. [11] have ‎shown that motivational interviewing can lead to an increase in lifestyle scores in female addicts. Salehabadi et ‎al. [24] have shown that lifestyle can affect the tendency to use industrial narcotics. Heimen et al. [25] have ‎shown that this motivational approach is effective in changing health-related behaviors (reducing salt use). In ‎general, the result of a meta-analysis performed by Don et al. [26] suggests that the use of motivational ‎interviewing in the areas of dietary change and increased physical activity has the greatest effect size. A meta-‎analysis by Knight et al. [27] has also shown that most studies have reported positive results on the impact of ‎motivational interviewing on lifestyle changes. ... [28]. The results of this study are consistent with Hunter [29], ‎Miller and Raling [7], and Simino et al. [3] in terms of the impact of motivational interviews on reduction of urge ‎to use drugs

Given the increasing use of industrial drugs, authors are required to perform a comparative study of the ‎effectiveness of motivational interviewing on industrial drug-dependent addicts. Moreover, considering the effect ‎of this educational method on reducing the urge to use substance and lifestyle changes, the patients should be ‎provided with non-medical and psychological treatments as well.‎

The limitations of this research include single-sex population of the study and limited sample size. Therefore, the ‎generalization of results should be made with care

Motivational interviewing is one of the most effective ways to reduce the urge to use drugs and change lifestyle.‎

The authors would like to thank all those who helped them with this research, and the mid-term residential ‎treatment centers in Ardebil for their support.‎

This research is based on a master's thesis in clinical psychology of Islamic Azad University of Ardebil, (code ‎‎72420701941024).‎

At the administrative stage

All costs of this research are provided by researchers.‎

TABLES and CHARTS

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