@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(2):149-155

Background
… [1, 2]. Deficiency of antioxidant enzymes or excessive accumulation of free radicals may result in disturbances in the balance of oxidants and intracellular antioxidants. The accumulation of free radicals leads to the progression of diabetes [3]. … [4, 5]. The protective mechanisms of cells against oxidative stress caused by free radicals include preventive, repairing and enzymatic defense mechanisms [6]. Launaea acanthodesy medical herbs are a rich source of natural antioxidants that can reduce the effect of oxidants and complications of some diseases. One of the medicinal plants that a lot of research has done on its hypoglycemia effects is Launaea acanthodes. … [7-12].
Previous Studies
In a study, it was depicted that the aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes of 300 mg/kg could reduce the atrophy of spermatozoa in diabetic rats by affecting testicular tissue, and it can decrease the complications of diabetes in sperm and testicular tissue by improving sperm parameters and increasing the number of sperm [13]. … [14-16].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes plant on oxidative DNA damage and the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes in testicular tissue in diabetic rats.
Research type
This is an experimental study.
Research society, place and time
This experimental study was carried out in 2015 in Animal Science Laboratory of Payem-e-Noor University of Mashhad on Wistar male rats.
Sampling method and number
32 male Wistar rats were randomly selected.
Used devices&materials
In animal lab, 32 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats: healthy control, diabetic control, and experimental diabetic groups treated with aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes plant. In diabetic control and experimental groups, diabetes was induced with single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. Aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes (100 and 200 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into diabetic experimental groups every other day within a month. However, only sterile water was injected into the control groups. At the end of the study, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase enzymes, the amount of 8-hydrooxydixyguanosine (8-hydrooxydioxyguanosine tissue concentration was measured by Gentaur ELIZA kit, Belgium) and malondialdehyde (in this test, malondialdehyde reacts with thiobarbituric acid and produces a pinkish color with a maximum absorption of 532 nm at a wavelength of about 5-23 nm. This reaction was carried out at PH=2-3, at 90 ° C for 15 minutes) were measured in testicular tissue. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software version 20 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s post hoc tests. … [17-21]. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software. Given that the results are quantitative, the assumption of normalization of the data was first established by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To compare the mean of the tested group, one way ANOVA, and to compare the pairs of group, Tukey post-hoc test were used. Also, the obtained results were reported as mean and related statistical calculations.
Findings by Text
The activity level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes in the diabetic control group was significantly decreased compared to healthy control group, and the amount of 8-hydroxygiauanoisne and malondialdehyde increased significantly. The histological activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in experimental diabetic group with 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes was significantly increased dose dependently compared to the diabetic control group and the amount of 8-hydroxyguanazine and malondialdehyde decreased significantly. Also, the histological activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes, as well as the amount of 8-hyroxydigenazoguanosine and malondialdehyde between the two diabetic experimental groups with the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes plan had a significant difference (Table 1).
Main comparison to the similar studies
Intravenous injection of aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes plant significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes. Also, the amount of oxidative damage of DNA and lipid peroxidation decreased significantly. Research showed that the Launaea acanthodes plant can reduce oxidative stress condition in diabetic rats due to its antioxidant properties and the enhancement of the free radical removal system [7]. … [23-30]. In this regard, it was found that flavonoids in this plant could increase the activity of antioxidants and exacerbate the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of the liver tissue. It, also, avoids the reduction of liver enzymes in diabetic rats [31]. In a study, it was demonstrated that the administration of 300 mg/kg of the Launaea acanthodes extract improved the sperm parameter, increase the number of sperm and reduce the atrophy of spermatozoa tubes in diabetic rats, and due to the presence of antioxidant compounds, increases the sperm protects against free radicals [13]. A study showed that the extract of Launaea acanthodes can increase insulin secretion, decrease blood glucose, and increase the mean number and diameter of Langerhans in diabetic rats [14]. The aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes plant not only increase the antioxidant capacity of the testicular tissue, but also decreases the concentration of OHdG-8 (an oxidative damage index of DNA) in testicular tissue in diabetic rats. This issue arises from the presence of some antioxidant compounds in the Launaea acanthodes plant; and due to the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the testes, it seems that Launaea acanthodes extract has protective effects on testicular tissue.
Suggestions
It is suggested that more extensive studies be done on the antioxidant effects of the Launaea acanthodes plant. Also, further studies are needed to identify active compounds as well as other effective mechanisms of the Launaea acanthodes plant in the increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the oxidative damage of DNA in various tissues.
Limitations
Of the limitations of this study, the lack of facilities for identifying and isolating the effective compounds present in the Launaea acanthodes, as well as lack of the necessary means to investigate the exact mechanisms of cellular and molecular effects of the compounds present in the Launaea acanthodes plant in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation can be mentioned.
Conclusions
Dose dependent administration of aqueous extract of the Launaea acanthodes plant increases the antioxidant capacity and decrease lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in the testicular tissue of diabetic rats.
Acknowledgments
The authors of this article thanks the Payam-e- Noor University and Young and Elite Research Club of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
All stages of trial was performed according to the approved protocol of the Ethics Committee of Payam-e-Noor University of Mashhad. Observation of animal rights in the research for huLaunaea acanthodes use is based on international guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.
Funding Sources
This article is the result of the master`s thesis final results of Ms. SaLaunaea acanthodeseh Tafakor affiliated to Payam-e-Noor University in Mashhad. The cost of this research project is provided by Ms. SaLaunaea acanthodeseh Tafakor, a student of Biochemistry at Payam Noor University in Mashhad.

TABLES and CHARTS

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