ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Shojaeyan   M. (1)
Abolmaali   Kh. (*)






(*) Psychology Department, Psychology & Social Sciences Faculty, Roudehen Branch, Isalamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Psychology & Social Sciences Faculty, Roudehen Branch, Isalamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. Postal Code: 3973188981
Phone: +98 (21) 76505019
Fax: -
sama.abolmaali@gmail.com

Article History

Received:  March  23, 2016
Accepted:  September 14, 2016
ePublished:  June 21, 2017

BRIEF TEXT


In Iran, the physical and psychological damages that veterans have experienced in Iran-Iraq war has left adverse effects on their mental health, family function, occupation, and social being [1].

… [2-3]. Psychological capital is considered as a fundamental structure and a positive psychological development in a person and a combination of four perceptual-cognitive components of self-efficacy, resilience, hope and optimism. These dimensions give meaning to the life of a person in an interactive process and help him to change stressful situation [4]. … [5-35].

This study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the increase of veterans’ psychological capital dimensions (resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, and hope).

This study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group.

This study was conducted in 2015 among all veterans with 70% of injury who had referred to Khatam Hospital in Tehran.

20 veterans who had poor psychological capital were screened as samples through purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (10 subjects in each group). Inclusion criteria were: being veteran, having the injury of more than 70%, achieving the score less than the mean in psychological capital test, lack of mental diseases, and informed consent of participating in this study. Exclusion criteria were, also, lack of time for participations in all therapy sessions

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was conducted during 8 sessions (each session 120 minutes) for the experimental group (Table 1). Assessment of psychological capital components was carried out in two control and experimental groups in two pretest and posttest stages. To collect data, Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire was used. This questionnaire has 24 items and evaluates four components of hope, resilience, optimism and self-efficacy. Scoring of this questionnaire is based on 6-grade Likert Scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree). The total score of this questionnaire shows the amount of psychological capital. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicates the fitness of four-factor model [36]. The validity of the questionnaire has been reported 0.85 by Cronbach`s alpha method [37]. In this study, internal consistency of this questionnaire was obtained as 0.82. To describe data, descriptive parameters of mean and standard deviation and to investigate normality of data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance adjusting for the effect of pretest.

All the participants in the study were male and married. The mean age of the participants was 47.2 ± 5.1 years. The participants` level of education was, also, primary school to diploma. There was a significant difference between control and experimental groups in terms of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience with adjusted mean of pretest and in all the cases, the mean of experimental group was higher than control group in the posttest (p<0.01; Table 2). Also, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (as independent variable) could explain 61.3%, 78.6%, 56.6% and 66.7% of variance of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience respectively. Therefore, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had significant effect on the increase of veteran` score in the psychological mental health dimensions (resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, and hope).

The effectiveness of mindfulness on the increase of self-efficacy [38], hope [39], psychological rehabilitation [40, 41], depression and life expectancy [42], emotional regulation [43], self-esteem and self-efficacy [33, 44], emotional tolerance [28], affect mood [33], negative automatic thoughts [31], depression [32], spouses compromise [45], marital satisfaction [46], Mood and vulnerability to anxiety [47], and dysfunctional attitudes [48] in different groups has been approved in previous studies. … [49-52].

It is recommended that the future researchers study the retention of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy based on the type of injury on the psychological capital.

The limitations of this study were the lack of follow-up study and the control of type of injury.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can increase the dimensions of psychological capital including resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism in the veterans.

All the respectful veterans who cooperated in conducting this study are appreciated.

Non-declared

The participants were ensured that the information gathered from them would remain confidentially and participation in this study would not have any probable losses for them.



TABLES and CHARTS

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