ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Khani-Jeihooni   A. (1)
Manouchehri   M. (1)
Bahmandoost   M. (1)
Khiyali   Z. (*1)






(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ibn-e Sina Square, Fasa, Fars, Iran. Postal code: 7461686688
Phone: +98 (71) 53350994
Fax: +98 (71) 53357091
khiyaliz@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  February  25, 2020
Accepted:  April 3, 2020
ePublished:  June 20, 2020

BRIEF TEXT


Due to no immunity to influenza, non-pharmacological measures and prevention are very effective in controlling, reducing complications, and mortality.

… [1]. The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, which is classified into types A, B, and C on the basis of the core protein. Influenza A virus is very common and affects different species of mammals and birds, and causes epidemics of varying severity approximately every year [2, 3]. … [4-7]. Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most effective and widespread social psychological approaches used to describe behaviors associated with health [13], which is useful for designing disease and damage prevention programs [14]. The effectiveness of this model has been confirmed in previous studies on preventive behaviors against influenza [8, 16]. … [17].

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on HBM on preventive behaviors against influenza A among students.

This research was an experimental study.

This study was carried out on 140 high school girl students in Fasa-Iran in 2016.

The sample size was estimated 112 cases, considering a type I maximum error of 0.05, power of 90%, the effect size of 2, and the standard deviation of the preventive behaviors in previous studies (3.66) [18]; however, due to the attrition of 20%, it increased to 140 subjects (70 cases per group).

Data were collected using a 4-part questionnaire including 43 questions. The first part included 4 questions assessing demographic information (level of education and parents’ job) and the second part included 10 four-choice questions regarding the students' awareness of the cause of the disease, ways of transmission, symptoms, and complications of the disease, people at risk, and effective measures to prevent the disease. After obtaining permission from the school principal and obtaining the written consent of the students, the questionnaire was first completed by both the experimental and control groups and after analysis of data obtained from the initial test, the educational content was prepared based on the results of these data, literature review [8, 9] and considering the HBM. Then, the students of the experimental group were divided into groups of 15 to 20 cases as a group of friends and assistants and were subjected to the training program for 4 sessions with one-week intervals by the research team in the school amphitheater hall presented as interactive lectures, questions and answers, and group discussions using PowerPoint slides, pamphlets, and educational CDs (Table 1). It should be noted that after the study and post-test, pamphlets and educational CDs were presented to the control group. One month after the educational intervention, both groups received a post-test using the same questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using the Chi-square test, independent T-test, and pair T-test.

Most of the subjects’ had below diploma degrees in both the experimental and control groups and most of their fathers and mothers were employees and housewives, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables (P <0.05; Table 1).There were no significant differences in the mean score of awareness, the constructs of the HBM, and preventive behaviors between the two groups before the educational intervention (p <0.05); however, after the educational intervention, the mean scores of these factors showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p <0.001). This indicated an increase in the level of awareness and improvement of the status of the structures of the HBM and preventive behaviors to develop influenza A in the experimental group (Table 2).

… [18-28]. The results of the present study showed an improvement in the mean scores of perceived benefits and barriers in the students of the experimental group after the educational intervention compared with the control group, which indicates the effectiveness of the educational intervention. Previous studies, in line with the present study, reported the significance of perceived benefits and barriers after the educational intervention in the experimental group [16, 23, 27, 29, 30]. Chen et al. [31], reported perceived benefits and barriers as the predictors of preventive behavior against influenza among students. These findings suggest that one of the key steps in creating a positive attitude in students and strengthening their health beliefs is to create a sense of vulnerability to the disease and also highlight the benefits of preventive behaviors and reducing barriers to positive behavior through the educational interventions in students. … [32-37].

It is suggested to conduct larger studies over a longer period of time on both sexes and compare their obtained results with the findings of the present study.

One of the limitations of the present study was the small sample size and studying only female students, which reduces the generalizability of the results.

Implementation of educational interventions based on HBM is an effective educational strategy to promote preventive behaviors against influenza A among students.

The authors are grateful to the Fasa University of Medical Sciences for supporting this study.

None to declare.

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fasa University of Medical Sciences (IR.FUMS.REC.1394.32).

This article was extracted from the research approved by the Fasa University of Medical Sciences (ID: 94157), which was supported by the vice-chancellor of Fasa University of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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