@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 0000-0000    Iranian Journal of Isaar Studies 2017;1(3):93-100

Background
... [1-3].Given the existing definitions, the need is any kind of defect that disrupts the system. On the other hand, expectation is related to the need, in such a way that the delay in satisfaction of the need faces the person with the desire and will appear in the person's wish [4].
Previous Studies
... [5-10]. A research was conducted by Salehi et al. in which the relationship between the basic psychological needs and the mental health of veterans was investigated in Amir-al-Momenin Hospital in Isfahan. The results of this study showed that satisfaction of basic psychological needs is positively correlated with general health of veterans and predicts positive health between psychological needs according to satisfaction of need of autonomy and satisfaction requirement [11]. Few researches on the needs of veterans have been conducted on urban transportation axes, such as "Urban Transport Survey and Disabled and Veteran Needs (Case Study: Chalous City)" and "Evaluation of Urban Traffic and the Needs of Disabled and Veterans using TOPSIS Decision Making Model ", which was conducted in form of a case study in Shiraz. According to the results of recent research, the presence of traffic, inadequate sidewalks, potholes and ruggedness of the pavement are among the most important dissatisfaction with the needs of this group of people [13]. In the search for the history of research studies, there was only one research entitled "Prioritizing the needs of veterans with less than 25% of injury of Guilan province from their own point of view and their wives` point of view," in which veterans and wives have been examined and largely close to the subject of the current research. In this study, 3844 veterans with less than 25% injury of Gilan province and 141 of their spouses were randomly selected in 2014. The research showed that veterans had psychological, educational, economic, occupational, physical and medical needs respectively. From their wives' point of view, job needs were a top priority and economic, psychological, educational, medical and physical needs were among the next priorities. In the end, the researcher reviewed the level of injury and help to eliminate their unemployment, the mechanism of meeting the needs of veterans with less than 25% of injury, and the need of their spouses in Guilan province [14]. Investigating the history of research abroad is indicative of several studies on the life problems and needs of soldiers and their families. Among them is the Ahren et al. Research, "Challenges of troops returned from Afghanistan and Iraq in the transition from military to civilian life and existing approaches to reuniting them with society” [15] and other research by Sayer et al. entitled "Reintegration problems in society and the health benefits of the soldiers who returned from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, who received medical services from the War Veterans Organization.”[16 and finally, another study titled" The difficulties of family reintegration and paternity treatment for war veterans and their families "[17]. Among the researches carried out abroad, some researches have been carried out to assess the needs of soldiers who returned from war. Among them, a study entitled "Hidden Damage: Mental Health Needs among Veterans in Tennessee" was conducted at the University of Tennessee Social Work College for a better understanding of Tennessee Mental Health Needs. The results showed that the most frequent need for soldiers' mental health was reintegration into society, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Another part of the results showed that if these needs were not addressed, these issues could lead to drug abuse or suicide. Also, the majority of soldiers who returned from the war reported problems in the field of social relations and family issues arising from deployment in the war zone and then back home [18]. Shell et al. in a study entitled "Needs Assessment of War Soldiers in New York City" found that nearly half of the soldiers needed mental health treatment and one in 12 months before the research, they were searching mental health services. Those soldiers, in response to a question about the obstacles to follows treatment, mentioned to concern about the side effects of drug therapy as well as the fear of being deprived or discriminated against by the state or employer as the most common obstacle to treatment. In addition to mental health problems, there was evidence that soldiers faced major economic difficulties and physical health, and their physical functioning was significantly worse than ordinary people in the normal population. The unemployment rate among these soldiers was significantly higher than its average in New York. Also, in response to the question of what benefits are most helpful to them, most health-care soldiers mentioned to educational benefits, including housing assistance, for housing [19]. According to United Way of Connecticut's Middlesex County Research Institute, which conducted interviews with representatives of national, state, and local organizations for war veterans and community leaders in the United States, 39% of soldiers were in need of physical therapy, including Dental problems, orthopedic and bone problems, and brain damage, as well as 21% of them had stress disorder. The results showed that soldiers with physical disabilities had transportation challenges, and despite the many possibilities for relocation, some options were either expensive or required long journeys. In this research, the soldiers interviewed provided suggestions to strengthen local community support. Determining a specific person in each city was suggested to help soldiers find resources and establish a regional advisory council in which all components of a community, including school, police, business, university, nonprofit organizations and investors, can address the challenges that veterans and families face with during battle [20]. According to a study by Jones et al. at York University in England entitled "Providing housing needs and support needs of single soldiers who returned from the war in England," it was found that homeless veterans were more deprived than other homeless people; they were on average older; difficulty in sleeping was more probable in them; they weresuffering from problems with their physical health and alcohol or being homeless for many periods. These findings led to the development of a number of service activities to meet the needs of single veterans, but the provision of services were not prevalent and the safety net that could be provided by veterinary and charity organizations were difficult to navigate right [21] . Some of the researches on homeless soldiers who returned from the war referred to the following characteristics as common attributes of these soldiers, such as problems related to alcoholism, mental health problems, health problems, social isolation [22]. Some studies have addressed the family's issues of soldiers who have returned from war, including Deramat et al. in their research who have mentioned to the following points: The soldier returned from the war and his wife may not have similar expectations and aspirations regarding the speed of renewal and revival of intimate and emotional relationships. Also, the main demands and procedures in the family should be reopened and rebuilt. Couples need to rebuild or strengthen problem-solving and decision-making abilities jointly and re-establish support networks inside and outside their nuclear family. In addition, the husband and wife need to accept the changes that took place on either side and in their families during the service life of the war. A husband and wife may also need to resolve long-term tensions and marital problems from the time they were before the spouse's discharge [23]. In Hoveang et al., with respect to the needs of veterans with advanced cancer, it has been found that these veterans have many unforeseen needs in the emotional, social, economic, and medical spheres [24]. In Carter and Kider's research, conducted by Pennsylvania War Officers, soldiers believed that receiving financial and educational assistance to find a better job is very important. Unemployment is a persistent problem for these soldiers, and education, more than providing immediate skills for them, can provide a better way for soldiers to achieve their long-term career success. Nearly one-third of the soldiers reported "feeling insecurity" at a low and moderate level. The soldiers scored average social services provided to meet their needs for integration into the community. There were significant problems with the cooperation between public, private and non-profit organizations serving soldiers. Soldiers generally were aware of the services and benefits provided to them, but had little trust in these benefits and services [25]. In a general summary of the research on the needs assessment among war veterans, it can be said that conducting researches about the subject of the needs or expectations of the veterans is essential, and no significant research has been done in this regard.
Aim(s)
Contrary to the few studies conducted inside Iran, the issue of examining the needs of soldiers, veterans of war or victims of war and so on has been the subject of a lot of studies in other countries. These researches have been carried out in different places with different tools among soldiers who have experienced different wars, so it is difficult to provide a summary of these studies. But in general, it can be concluded that the study of the health needs and mental health of veterans (and sometimes veterans inside Iran), psychological services and rehabilitation, has been the central theme of previous research. What are the needs and expectations of the war veterans inside Iran now and how these needs are organized and what is needed is a matter that needs to be investigated due to the preservation of the status and dignity of this group of people in the community. This research, in a scientific and case study, presents an image of the types of needs and its hierarchy to this group of devotees in Khorasan Razavi. Since the success of each organization in achieving the desired goals depends on awareness of the audience's needs, this study was conducted to identify and rank the main needs of veterans with less than 25% of injury of Khorasan Razavi province
Research type
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Research society, place and time
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Sampling method and number
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Used devices&materials
The method of study was combinational (quantitatively and qualitatively) in which a review method was used and a comprehensive inventory of the research carried out among veterans was identified and the most important results were categorized. Then, the qualitative research method (background theory) was used. At this stage, an intensive interview was carried out using exploratory research and deep acquaintance with the mental environment of the community under study with a half-structured interview with 30 veterans with less than 25% injury. Then the data was coded in three stages: open, axial and selective, and thus the needs and expectations of veterans were extracted and classified. At this stage, the participants were selected using snowball technique and purposefully. At this stage, open coding was used for conceptualization of axial coding for categorization and selective coding for the extraction of needs and expectations classes. Each class of the needs was raised by the veterans in the operational quality sector and finally, with the help of the information obtained from the qualitative section, the research tool (questionnaire) was designed in a quantitative section. The questions were a combination of Likert scale and open and closed questions. At this stage, interviews were conducted by selecting representative sample from this group of veterans in Khorasan Razavi province. The statistical population included all veterans with less than 25% of injury of Khorasan Razavi province in 2015. The statistical society, based on the target community list that the Foundation of Martyrs provided to the researcher, was contacted with 500 fixed and mobile numbers, which were answered in 185 cases by the research team. The remaining numbers were omitted from the research for various reasons such as line assignment, lack of access, unwillingness to respond to collaborative research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Findings by Text
The findings are based on the results obtained from the navigation section. First, the respondents' image and demographic characteristics of the sample were described and then the most important expectations and problems of veterans with less than 25% of injury were described and analyzed. Socio-demographic characteristics of the samples: The age group 45 to 50 years old with 45.1% and the age group of 50 to 55 years with 30.4%, respectively, were the most frequent. Respondents older than 60 years old represented only 10.3% of sample members. A study on the level of literacy showed that 27.2% of sample members had junior high school education. Individuals whose level of education was less than junior high school, were 30%, and those whose level of literacy was more than junior high school, represented 42.8% of the sample. Sample employment survey showed that 27.7% of veterans were self-employed and 19% were retired, and the proportion of unemployed was 14.1%. Regarding the status of the presence of respondents on the war, the results showed that the majority of veterans (44%) were in the war from one and a half to two and a half years. The majority of people (88.5%) had injury of 5% and 9.3% were veterans with 10% of injury and only 1/1% of veterans had the injury of 9% and 12% respectively. The veterans' assessment of their actual percentage of their injury showed that 44.4% of them rated their actual percentage of their veterans from 20 to 25%, and 40% of the respondents assessed their actual percentage of their injuries below 20%. In contrast, 15.6% of their evaluated people had a true percentage of their war veterans of more than 25%. Measuring veterans' viewpoint on the fairness of the percentage of veterans showed that the majority of respondents (63.2%) considered their injuries to be unfair. In contrast, only 19.9% of people rated their injury as fair, and 4.1% also believed that the percentage of their injuries was fairly fair. Also, 12.6% of the people considered it fair to have a decent percentage of injuries. Describing the needs and expectations of veterans under 25%: The financial expectations of the foundation (66.8%) were at the first priority and expectations of physical and psychological problems (30.4%) were in the second priority. The expectations for revision in percentages (26.6%), the expectations of reverence from the foundation (22.8%) and the elimination of discrimination among veterans under 25% and more (21.7%) were respectively the third to fifth priorities, respectively. And 15.2% of the people had no expectations from the martyr Foundation. The material and livelihood needs and expectations of veterans under 25%: The most important expectations of veterans under 25% of the foundation were material-livelihood dimensions, so that out of all three veterans under 25%, two (66.8%) mentioned these expectations. Measuring veterans' perspective on material-livelihoods needs and expectations showed that their main priorities in this area were: lack of lending (31.5%), unfavorable economic and financial situation (14.7%), financial support expectation for their children (13%) and lack of employment (13%) (Table 1). Physical and psychological needs and expectations of veterans under 25%: The problems caused by physical and psychological damage were another part of the expectations of veterans under 25%, of which almost one out of every three veterans had one. It should be noted that physical discomforts among veterans were more common than psychiatric problems (26.1% vs. 6.5%). Meanwhile, 7.6% of veterans under 25% had concluded that they did not have the ability to work. Requirements and expectations related to the determination of the percentage of injury: Of all four veterans under 25%, one expected revision in the percentage process (Table 2). The re-commissioning and increasing the percentage of veternity (10.3%) was the top priority. After this group, 9.2% of the people believed that the rights of the injured were lost to their percentage of injury, and 4.3% of the people believed that the Commissioner had been careless about determining the percentage of their injuries. The needs and expectations of veteran reverence: the expectation of reverence by the Foundation was one of the most important expectations of veterans under 25% of which came from about one-fifth of sample members (Table 3). The three types of veteran problems in this regard were: disregard for veterans (10.3%), improper treatment of veterans (8.1%), unhappiness from the martyr Foundation due to lack of treatment (6.5%).
Main comparison to the similar studies
The systematic determination of the needs and expectations of an important priority prioritizes some of the main problems of the research community. This awareness will not only inform organizations managers about barriers, challenges and dissatisfactions, but will also be based on their planning and decision making, and will lead the organization to take steps to adapt the facilities and services to the needs and desires of the investigated community and ultimately at the expense of the organization`s saving money. Therefore, knowledge of the needs of the target community is inevitable for any organization. This study sought to investigate the needs of veterans with injury less than 25%, and, undoubtedly, due to the lack of previous studies and the importance of identifying and informing managers about the needs of the target community, the findings of this review should be considered for the Martyr Foundation. The study showed that the vast majority of veterans now expect more funding from the Martyr Foundation, and then expect to address their physical and mental problems. The most important expectation of veterans of the Foundation was the material-livelihood dimension. Of the three veterans under 25%, two people had mentioned such expectations, in which the problem of non-lending was highlighted. The problems caused by physical and psychological damage were also significant for veterans, of which almost one out of every three had mentioned it. Based on the results, physical discomforts among veterans were more common than psychiatric problems. Hence, care and assistance in solving physical problems is one of the main needs of veterans. The findings of this study were based on the fact that out of every four veterans under 25%, one was expecting a revision in the percentage process. So that the re-commissioning and increasing the percentage of injury were the first priority to consider the requirements for determining the percentage of injury. The expectation of reverence from the Foundation was one of the most important expectations of veterans under 25%, which was emphasized by about one-fifth of the sample members. The three types of veteran problems in this regard were: neglect of war veterans, improper treatment of veterans, and unhappiness from the martyr foundation due to lack of investigation. The findings of this study were similar to the results of research in Golestan province, regardless of their needs and priority [26]. In the study, devotees had psychological, educational, economic, occupational, physical, and medical needs, which were devised by veterans in this study. In addition, other needs and expectations were also proposed by veterans under 25% in Khorasan Razavi province, which included expectations for revising the percentage, revered by the foundation and eliminating discrimination between veterans under 25% and more.
Suggestions
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Limitations
This research was carried out in a combination (quantitative and qualitative) method. Despite significant and relevant results, this research has had many limitations. One of the most important was the lack of sufficient experimental evidence to assess the needs of the veterans, which made it impossible to further compare the results with other research even at this stage of the research. Despite all the limitations and obstacles, the results of this study have implications for future plans and decisions regarding this group of veterans, since one of the examples of the promotion of the culture of sacrifice and research is to pay attention to sacrificial symbols and devotees as a symbol of sacrifice in society It must be dignified and respected. Therefore, the most important suggestions of the present study are as follows: Informing about the latest approvals for veterans with less than 25% of injury through the special system of veterans with injury less than 25%; Updating the veteran database below 25%, as the information of the addresses and telephone numbers of many people had been changed; Reverence the veterans with injury less than 25% in different ways, as the results showed that devotees under 25% felt humiliated and believed that the Foundation of Martyrs do not enjoy their rights as deserving of sacrifice; an appeal to the percentage of veterans under 25%, which was one of the emphasis of veterans. It was the appointment of a committee to complete the defects of veterans under 25% because many of them, for various reasons, such as unemployment, illness and illiteracy, are not able to follow up and prepare the necessary documents; the selection of doctors with a background, and preferably the veteran, for the commission, to reduce and reduce the stringency; to form a team of veterans under 25% The title of the Commission's advisory commission on the percentage of injury; facilitating the payment of loans and meeting the material and livelihood needs of veterans under 25%; addressing the physical and mental problems of veterans under 25%.
Conclusions
The majority of veterans under 25% of Razavi Khorasan province interpret their injuries unfairly and believe that the members of the relevant commissions are basically ineligible for the assessment of the physical and mental damage to the veterans. The financial expectations of the Foundation is in the first priority and the expectations of physical and psychological problems are in the second priority for veterans under 25% of Khorasan Razavi province. Also, expectations for revision in percentage, expectation of reverence from the Foundation and elimination of discrimination between veterans under 25% and more were ranked third to fifth respectively.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank and appreciate the respectful veterans in Khorasan Razavi province, who answered the questions, also, we would like to thank the distinguished experts of the Research Organization of the Foundation of the Martyrs and Veterans` Affairs of Khorasan Razavi Province who have been honestly and gratefully supported in carrying out this research.
Conflict of interest
No conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors.
Ethical Permissions
Before collecting information, the research community was assured about the confidentiality of personal information and the presentation of the results without mentioning the names of the individuals and its publication in general.
Funding Sources
This article is from a research project titled "Needs Assessment of Veterans Under 25% and their Families in Khorasan Razavi", which was funded by the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs of the Khorasan Razavi Province in 2015.