@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2008-2630    Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2014;6(5):183-187

Background
… [1, 2] Mustard gas can change antioxidant enzymes and lipid and peroxidation lipid profiles in the animals, as well [3]. The role of free radicals in the complications due to mustard gas has been shown and noticed the beginning of their production process in the body. This question arises that whether the delayed effects of exposure to mustard gas might be produced by defects in the control of active radicals and continuous production of these compounds in the patients’ organisms [4].
Previous Studies
… [5, 6] According to WHO, symptoms of acute exposure to chemical gases are sneezing, runny nose, tears, epistaxis, cough, chest pressure sensation, dysarthria, and tachypnea [7]. After about 2 years, the delayed complications, caused by these lesions will be manifested as respiratory, eye, skin, and central nervous system disorders [8]. Long-term complications of lesions such as the eyes, skin, and respiratory problems are three main targeted organs in chronic stage of the injury [7]. From 34 thousands mustard gas-injured persons, 14450 persons with pulmonary lesions, 13362 persons with ocular lesions, and 8338 persons with skin lesions have been reported [1]. Aging can be due to accumulation of various detrimental changes in the cells and tissues that increase the risk of disease and death. Irreversible and progressive accumulation of oxidative hindrance due to “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) is effective in aging [5].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to examine the association of age with oxidative stress indices in patients with severe pulmonary lesions through measuring the levels of these indices, 15-20 years after exposure.
Research type
This is a cross-sectional study.
Research society, place and time
Chemically-injured veterans with severe pulmonary lesions, who were participated in a conference during October 2008, Isfahan, Iran, were studied.
Sampling method and number
289 persons with severe pulmonary lesions were participated in the study.
Used devices&materials
Blood samples were taken from 289 injured persons with severe pulmonary lesions and 66 normal persons (male normal persons in the company of the veterans and male normal persons from Isfahan, the same age range with the veterans) in the fasting state. ELISA (CELL BIOLBA; USA) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction methods were used to measure carbonyl serum and lipid peroxidation, respectively. In addition, ELISA kit (Cayman; USA) was used to measure serum total antioxidant via obstructing ABTS compound oxidation. FOX 2 method was used to determine total peroxide concentration of plasma samples [6]. Trained personnel of the record unit recorded demographic and specialized data. T-Student statistical test was used to investigate the mean difference in the measured parameters between groups using SPSS 18 software.
Findings by Text
There was no significant difference in carbonyl protein level and oxidative stress index (the ratio of total antioxidant to total peroxide) between “patient” and “control” groups. However, total peroxide level in “patient” group was significantly less than “control” group (Table 1). There was no significant correlation between age and oxidative stress indices in both groups. There was a negative correlation between age and total antioxidant level in “control” group. Nevertheless, in “patient” group, the correlation was positive. There was a negative correlation between age and total peroxide level both “control” and “patient” groups. Correlations between age and oxidative stress index in “control” and “patient” groups were positive and negative, respectively.
Main comparison to the similar studies
… [7-9] Just total peroxide reduction in the patients was significant. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme and activity reduction of catalase enzyme in the victims exposed to mustard gas has been reported [10]. Significant activity reduction of glutathione transferase and paraoxonase enzymes in severe pulmonary victims has been reported compared with control group, and there has been mutation in genotype R of paraxonase enzyme [11, 12]. … [13-16]
Suggestions
Other methods ought to be done to determine the exact biologic age in the chemically-injured persons.
Limitations
Non-inclusion of some of the veterans with severe pulmonary injuries due to clinical problems was of limitation of the study.
Conclusions
In order to eliminate and control the response to mustard gas in chemically-injured peoples’ organisms, total antioxidant increases and total peroxide reduces, while oxidative stress index remains unchanged.
Acknowledgments
The researchers feel grateful to all the participants.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
All procedures were approved by Ethics Council of Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center.
Funding Sources
The study was funded by Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center.

TABLES and CHARTS

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