@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(4):353-358

Background
… [1-3]. Although the insertion of intravenous cannula (IVC) is a frequently used in treatment centers, most patients consider it as an unpleasant and painful experience [4-6].
Previous Studies
…[7-16].Finding methods for controlling pain during setting up intravenous line is very important [17] …. [18-20].
Aim(s)
This study aimed to investigate the effect of positioning (sitting or lying) during setting up intravenous cannula (IVC) on pain and anxiety later in patients.
Research type
This study is a double blind clinical trial.
Research society, place and time
In 2015, the study was conducted on the patient in internal wards of Amir AL Momenin hospital of Arak (during 10 months).
Sampling method and number
60 patients were selected using convenience sampaling and then randomly assigned to two groups that in one group sitting postion and in other one supine position venipuncture were performed. The entry citeria included paitents needing the placement of IVC, age of minumum 18 years and maximum 60 years old, not receiving any painful interference simultaneously with placment of IVC, Consent to participate in research and no prohibition of using of pink IVC; and the citeria of leaving the study project were included of unsuccessful catheter and need to re-do of the catheter or need of IVC based on doctor apporval and limited movment.
Used devices&materials
The data collection tool was a two part questionnaire that in the first part the demographic characteristics was evaluated and in the second part, the pain intensity and anxiety were investigated based on the Visual analogue Scale (VAS). The scale of zero to 100 were graded in which number zero indicates no pain and anxiety, and number 100 means maximum pain and anxiety. This tool requires no literacy and it is easy to use for every paitents. Visual analog scale of pain and anxiety have been used many times in different researches and the validity and efficacy has been qualified that Azhari et al were reported validity rate 0.81 in their research [21]. Pain indicator and anxiety rate after performing venipuncture were investigated in both groups. The research was conducted as a double-blind method in which after performing venipuncture (in each position type), the patients were placed in sitting position and researcher responsible for collecting the data was there not until venipuncture, then entered the room and measured the rate of pain and anxiety of paitent and he did not ask about the patients`mood at the time of venipuncture. On the other hand, in the statistical analysis, interventions were entered into statistical application as interventions 1 and 2 and the analyzor compared just two interventions without the knowledge of the nature of the interventions with each other. Data was analyzed by statistical software SPSS 20 and using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including Chi Square test (for investigating the demographic characteristics of the study) and T- paired tests (for comparison of internal variables) and T independent (to compare variables between the groups).
Findings by Text
The mean age of study participants was 40.10 ± 15.40 in the age range of 18 to 60 years old. The mean age of patients in lying group was 43.20 ± 18.30 years and in sitting group it was 37.13 ± 11.40 years. Both groups did not have statistical mean difference in demographic characteristics and in other words they were similar (P>0.05; Table 1). The mean anxiety score before Venipuncture in both sitting and lying groups had no significant difference (p>0.05), but after venipuncture, anxiety scores and pain mean score in sitting group was significantly higher than lying group (P=0.0001). The anxiety mean score in the lying group, before and after the venipuncture showed statistically significant differences (P=0.0001), but in sitting group significant difference was not observed before and after venipuncture (P>0.05: Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
... [21-25].In another study it was proved that percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces pain related with insertion of intravenous catheter in the supine position and this study in the way of its' impact of pain reduction during venipuncture has similarities with the present study [26]. However, this study has used a non-invasive method for reducing pain that it is more valuable than the mentioned study.
Suggestions
It is recommended to conduct current study in the intensive care unit that measuring pain and anxiety conditions are far easier to be performed.
Limitations
Of the limitations of this study time limit can be mentioned that due to low research budget, researchers were not able to spend more time to perform the project.
Conclusions
Stay on the supine position compared with the sitting position during setting on intravenous line (IVC) can reduce pain and its later anxiety in the patients.
Acknowledgments
We would like to appreciate the members of Council of Arak Medical Sciences University and all the nurses who have somehow participated in the project.
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest in this research and the study of it.
Ethical Permissions
This project with number 1107 has been approved by Arak Medical Sciences University Council. The ethic code of this study is 93-170-23 which was approved by ethic committee of Arak medical science. This study also was recorded in Iran clinical trial center with code IRCT2015050521896N3.
Funding Sources
The entire research project have funded by the deputy of research and technology office of Arak Medical Sciences University.

TABLES and CHARTS

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