@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(4):257-264

Background
Self-medication in diabetic patients will lead to severe fluctuations in their blood glucose levels, which can lead to early complications of diabetes in patients.
Previous Studies
... [1-8]. Self-medication is considered as the most common form of self-care indicating taking one or more medications to treat diseases or symptoms that are diagnosed by the individual without a physician's opinion. Self-treatment is using herbal or synthetic drugs [9]. The prevalence of self-medication has been reported in Bangladesh, Tanzania, Nigeria, and Pakistan as 56%, 81%, 75%, and 51%, respectively [10] and in Iran, the rate of self-medication is approximately three times the global average [11]. According to the Kaboodi et al. [12] study, self-medication has a prevalence of 50.5% in patients with diabetes. Self-medication among diabetic patients causes a rapid fluctuation in the blood glucose of the patients, leading to earlier complications of diabetes, as according to a study by Heshm et al., a high incidence of diabetes complications was reported in these patients (65.8% neuropathy, 26.8% ocular complications, 14.5% renal complications and 38.8% cardiac complications) [13]. … [14-16].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on self-medication behaviors in patients with diabetes type 2.
Research type
This research was a semi-experimental study.
Research society, place and time
This semi-experimental study was carried out on 200 patients with diabetes type 2 covered the diabetes center of Fasa city in 2018.
Sampling method and number
According to other studies [1, 2] and 95% confidence level, 80% power, and maximum standard deviation of 16.7, 44 subjects were assigned in each group, which was increased to 100 persons in each group (200 subject in total). Samples were selected randomly from patients with type 2 diabetes referring to the Fasa Diabetes Center based on inclusion criteria.
Used devices&materials
Data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire designed based on other studies [14, 17-19]. The first section included demographic information, including age, sex, marital status, occupation, education level, duration of diabetes, and family history of diabetes, and diabetes complications and also the BASNEF model (knowledge, attitude, empowering factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention) that were completed before and three months after intervention.
Findings by Text
The mean age of the subjects in the experimental and control groups was 53.25 ± 8.42 years and 54.18 ± 8.13 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 16.22 ± 5.53 and 5.12. ±16.94 years, respectively, and there was no significant difference between groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex, education level, marital status, employment status, family history of diabetes, and diabetes complications (Table 1). Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, abstract norms, behavioral intention and self-treatment behavior between the experimental and control groups (p> 0.05), but 3 months after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). Also, in the experimental group, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, abstract norms and behavioral intention in the post-test were significantly increased compared with the pre-test and the mean score of self-treatment behavior decreased (p <0.05), but in the control group, the mean scores of these variables did not change significantly (p> 0.05; Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
… [20-31]. The studies by Askari et al. [23], Tol et al. [24] and Sharifi Rad et al. [18] emphasized the increased mean abstract norms in the experimental group after the intervention. In the studies by Jafarpour et al. [26] and Mehri et al. [32], educational intervention had no effect on the mean score of abstract norms, which may be due to differences in the studied subjects and the type of used instrument. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in the mean score of enabling factors of the patients in the experimental group three months after the educational intervention. In the studies by Kaboodi et al. [12] and Rahaie et al. [33], enabling factors were the most important predictors of self-medication behavior in patients. In a study conducted by Hazawei et al [21] on type 2 diabetic patients in Shiraz and also studies by Askari et al. [23] and Tol et al. [24], the BASNEF-based intervention, significantly increased the mean score of enabling factors in the patients in the experimental group, which is consistent with the results of the present study. … [34-42].
Suggestions
Future studies are suggested to be conducted by direct observation and interviews.
Limitations
The limitations of this study included the data collection through a questionnaire and the self-evaluation.
Conclusions
The educational intervention based on the BASNEF model is effective on reducing the self-medication behaviors in patients with diabetes type 2.
Acknowledgments
This study was extracted from a thesis in Medicine approved by Fasa University of Medical Sciences. The researchers are grateful to the Vice President of Research and Technology of Fasa University of Medical Sciences for their financial support and allso the patients who participated in this study.
Conflict of interest
None.
Ethical Permissions
Necessary permission was obtained from the Fasa University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval code: 96219; Ethics code: IR.FUMS.REC.1397.052) and the Fasa Diabetes Center.
Funding Sources
The study was funded by the Vice President of Research and Technology of the Fasa University of Medical Sciences.

TABLES and CHARTS

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