@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2017;4(3):38-43

Background
Lifestyle is one of the factors playing an important role in disease involvement and treatment.
Previous Studies
. [1-3] ... Lifestyle is one of the issues that has been neglected in people with HIV. Healthy lifestyle includes actions to promote well-being and prevent diseases [4]. The components of health promotion and well-being are a multidimensional model that acts to enhance self-esteem and satisfaction, and health-promoting components can reduce the chance of an individual's exposure to illness or injury [5]. . [6-12] ... Another important area in lifestyle of people with HIV, which plays an effective role in treating highly active antiretroviral therapy, is nutrition [13]. In a study by Punyahotra et al. on HIV-infected adolescents, who were born with HIV, it was reported that there are nutritional problems compared with non-HIV infected people [14]. .. ... [15]
Aim(s)
In this study, we aimed to compare health-promoting lifestyle between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Tehran, Iran.
Research type
This research is a cross-sectional study.
Research society, place and time
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 HIV-positive individuals who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran, and 150 HIV-negative individuals during 2014 to 2016.
Sampling method and number
In this study, people with HIV covered by the infectious ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran were studied by available sampling method. 147 individuals with HIV approved by ELISA and Western Blot tests were included as HIV-positive individuals. 150 people were selected as HIV-negative subjects by convenience sampling method. The inclusion criterion was reading and writing ability. It is worth noting that hospitalized HIV-positive people were excluded from study because of hospital environment and different lifestyle.
Used devices&materials
The data collection tool was a questionnaire assessing demographic information (age, sex, marital status and occupation) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) questionnaire. HPLP-II is a modified version of HPLP developed by Walker et al. in 1997 [8]. It should be noted that the validity and reliability of the tool have been examined and approved in Iran [17, 16]. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics and ANOVA test.
Findings by Text
The mean and standard deviation of the age of HIV patients was 35±9.06 years (age range: 18-65 years) and that of non-HIV group was 33±8.13 years (age range: 18-59 years). Based on the results, 71.4% (105 subjects) and 68% (102 subjects) of the participants in the HIV-positive and non-HIV group were men. The mean and standard deviation of various components of lifestyle are presented in Table 1. According to the findings, health responsibility and interpersonal relationships components in the HIV-infected group and the components, including interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth in the non-HIV group are most prevalent. The multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of each subscale in the HIV and non-HIV groups. The Mbox test obtained significant to examine the variance-covariance matrix homogeneity (P<0.001, F(21, 32163.34)=2.2, but it should be noted that analysis of variance is not affected while using appropriate sample [18]. On the other hand, the results of the effect size in HIV patients group and normal subjects using Hotelling test on the linear combination of lifestyle indicated a significant effect in the HIV group (F(6, 240)=10.26, p<0.001, η2=0.25). Based on the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) results in order to investigate the effect size of the HIV group and normal people, Table 2 shows that there was a significant difference between the groups in health responsibility (F=(245,1)=42.24, P<0.001) and physical activity (F=(245,1)=6.03, p<0.05); but in stress management (F=(245,1)=3.12, P=0.07), spiritual growth (F=(245,1)=2.19, P=0.14), diet (F=(245,1)=1.2, P=0.27), and interpersonal relationships (F=(245,1)=0.07, P=0.78) there was no significant difference between groups.
Main comparison to the similar studies
In the Smit et al. study, non-HIV people spent more time on high-intensity physical activity than HIV-infected people [9]. The results of Fillipas et al. also showed that people with HIV spent more time on high-intensity physical activity and had a higher overall physical activity than non-infected individuals [11]. However, no significant difference was found in other studies between HIV- positive and non-HIV people [10, 12]. The results of this study in physical activity were consistent with the results of research by Smit et al. [9] and Fillipas et al. [11], who observed lower physical activity in HIV patients. In contrast, these results are inconsistent with the findings of Jacobson et al. [10] and Mustafa et al. [12]. [18-24].
Suggestions
Future research should focus on lifestyle improvement among people with HIV.
Limitations
Self-reported tools were used in this research, by which no objective and accurate measurements can be obtained and also we faced the lack of similar studies to compare the results with the findings of the present study.
Conclusions
Considering the limited data on the lifestyle of HIV-positive patients in Iran, awareness regarding various lifestyle aspects of these individuals can yield valuable information to promote HIV-positive individuals’ life status and interventional programs.
Acknowledgments
We thank the staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital who helped researchers in this research, as well as the Tehran Positive Club and HIV patients for their cooperation.
Conflict of interest

Ethical Permissions
It should be noted that ethical considerations, including the informed consent was obtained from the participants and were informed that they can withdraw the research without any excuse.
Funding Sources

TABLES and CHARTS

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